Drop Python 3.9 support and modernize macOS runners (#193)

* Drop Python 3.9 support, require Python 3.10+

Python 3.9 reached end-of-life and the codebase uses PEP 604 union
type syntax (str | None) which requires Python 3.10+.

Changes:
- Remove Python 3.9 from CI build matrix
- Update requires-python to >=3.10 in all pyproject.toml files
- Update classifiers to reflect supported Python versions (3.10-3.13)

* Remove macos-13 from CI build matrix

GitHub Actions deprecated macos-13 runner (brownout started Sept 2025,
fully retired Dec 2025). See: https://github.blog/changelog/2025-09-19-github-actions-macos-13-runner-image-is-closing-down/

* Add macos-15-large for Intel Mac builds

Replace deprecated macos-13 with macos-15-large (x86_64 Intel)
to continue supporting Intel Mac users.

* Set MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=13.x for Intel builds

Intel Mac wheels (macos-15-large) now target macOS 13.0/13.3 for
backward compatibility, allowing macOS 13/14/15 Intel users to
install pre-built wheels.

* Remove Intel Mac builds (macos-15-large requires paid plan)

Intel Mac users can build from source. This avoids:
- Paid GitHub Actions runners (macos-15-large)
- Complex cross-compilation setup

* Add macos-15-intel for Intel Mac builds (free runner)

Use macos-15-intel (free standard runner) instead of macos-15-large
(paid). This provides Intel Mac wheel support until Aug 2027.

- MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=13.0 for backward compatibility
- Replaces deprecated macos-13 runner

* Add macOS 26 (beta) to build matrix

Add macos-26 (arm64) runner to the build matrix for testing future
macOS compatibility. This is currently a beta runner that helps ensure
wheels work on upcoming macOS versions.

* Fix macos-15-intel deployment target

The macos-15-intel runner runs macOS 15.7, so Homebrew libraries are
built for macOS 14+. Setting MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=13.0 causes
delocate to fail because system libraries require newer macOS.

Fix by setting deployment target to 15.0 for macos-15-intel, matching
the actual OS version. Intel Mac users will need macOS 15+.

* Exclude macos-15-intel + Python 3.13 (no PyTorch wheels available)

.github/workflows/build-reusable.yml

@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         include:
-          - os: ubuntu-22.04
+          # Note: Python 3.9 dropped - uses PEP 604 union syntax (str | None)
-            python: '3.9'
+          # which requires Python 3.10+
           - os: ubuntu-22.04
             python: '3.10'
           - os: ubuntu-22.04
@@ -46,8 +46,6 @@ jobs:
           - os: ubuntu-22.04
             python: '3.13'
           # ARM64 Linux builds
-          - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
-            python: '3.9'
           - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
             python: '3.10'
           - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
@@ -56,8 +54,6 @@ jobs:
             python: '3.12'
           - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
             python: '3.13'
-          - os: macos-14
-            python: '3.9'
           - os: macos-14
             python: '3.10'
           - os: macos-14
@@ -66,8 +62,6 @@ jobs:
             python: '3.12'
           - os: macos-14
             python: '3.13'
-          - os: macos-15
-            python: '3.9'
           - os: macos-15
             python: '3.10'
           - os: macos-15
@@ -76,16 +70,24 @@ jobs:
             python: '3.12'
           - os: macos-15
             python: '3.13'
-          - os: macos-13
+          # Intel Mac builds (x86_64) - replaces deprecated macos-13
-            python: '3.9'
+          # Note: Python 3.13 excluded - PyTorch has no wheels for macOS x86_64 + Python 3.13
-          - os: macos-13
+          # (PyTorch <=2.4.1 lacks cp313, PyTorch >=2.5.0 dropped Intel Mac support)
+          - os: macos-15-intel
             python: '3.10'
-          - os: macos-13
+          - os: macos-15-intel
             python: '3.11'
-          - os: macos-13
+          - os: macos-15-intel
             python: '3.12'
-          # Note: macos-13 + Python 3.13 excluded due to PyTorch compatibility
+          # macOS 26 (beta) - arm64
-          # (PyTorch 2.5+ supports Python 3.13 but not Intel Mac x86_64)
+          - os: macos-26
+            python: '3.10'
+          - os: macos-26
+            python: '3.11'
+          - os: macos-26
+            python: '3.12'
+          - os: macos-26
+            python: '3.13'
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
 
     steps:
@@ -204,13 +206,16 @@ jobs:
             # Use system clang for better compatibility
             export CC=clang
             export CXX=clang++
-            # Homebrew libraries on each macOS version require matching minimum version
+            # Set deployment target based on runner
-            if [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-13" ]]; then
+            # macos-15-intel runs macOS 15, so target 15.0 (system libraries require it)
-              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=13.0
+            if [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-15-intel" ]]; then
-            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-14" ]]; then
-              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=14.0
-            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-15" ]]; then
               export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=15.0
+            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == macos-14* ]]; then
+              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=14.0
+            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == macos-15* ]]; then
+              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=15.0
+            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == macos-26* ]]; then
+              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=26.0
             fi
             uv build --wheel --python ${{ matrix.python }} --find-links ${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/packages/leann-core/dist
           else
@@ -224,14 +229,16 @@ jobs:
             # Use system clang for better compatibility
             export CC=clang
             export CXX=clang++
-            # DiskANN requires macOS 13.3+ for sgesdd_ LAPACK function
+            # Set deployment target based on runner
-            # But Homebrew libraries on each macOS version require matching minimum version
+            # macos-15-intel runs macOS 15, so target 15.0 (system libraries require it)
-            if [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-13" ]]; then
+            if [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-15-intel" ]]; then
-              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=13.3
-            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-14" ]]; then
-              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=14.0
-            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-15" ]]; then
               export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=15.0
+            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == macos-14* ]]; then
+              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=14.0
+            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == macos-15* ]]; then
+              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=15.0
+            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == macos-26* ]]; then
+              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=26.0
             fi
             uv build --wheel --python ${{ matrix.python }} --find-links ${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/packages/leann-core/dist
           else
@@ -269,16 +276,19 @@ jobs:
         if: runner.os == 'macOS'
         run: |
           # Determine deployment target based on runner OS
-          # Must match the Homebrew libraries for each macOS version
+          # macos-15-intel runs macOS 15, so target 15.0 (system libraries require it)
-          if [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-13" ]]; then
+          if [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-15-intel" ]]; then
-            HNSW_TARGET="13.0"
-            DISKANN_TARGET="13.3"
-          elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-14" ]]; then
-            HNSW_TARGET="14.0"
-            DISKANN_TARGET="14.0"
-          elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-15" ]]; then
             HNSW_TARGET="15.0"
             DISKANN_TARGET="15.0"
+          elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == macos-14* ]]; then
+            HNSW_TARGET="14.0"
+            DISKANN_TARGET="14.0"
+          elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == macos-15* ]]; then
+            HNSW_TARGET="15.0"
+            DISKANN_TARGET="15.0"
+          elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == macos-26* ]]; then
+            HNSW_TARGET="26.0"
+            DISKANN_TARGET="26.0"
           fi
 
           # Repair HNSW wheel
@@ -334,12 +344,15 @@ jobs:
           PY_TAG=$($UV_PY -c "import sys; print(f'cp{sys.version_info[0]}{sys.version_info[1]}')")
 
           if [[ "$RUNNER_OS" == "macOS" ]]; then
-            if [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-13" ]]; then
+            # macos-15-intel runs macOS 15, so target 15.0 (system libraries require it)
-              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=13.3
+            if [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-15-intel" ]]; then
-            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-14" ]]; then
-              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=14.0
-            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-15" ]]; then
               export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=15.0
+            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == macos-14* ]]; then
+              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=14.0
+            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == macos-15* ]]; then
+              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=15.0
+            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == macos-26* ]]; then
+              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=26.0
             fi
           fi
 

packages/leann-core/pyproject.toml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ name = "leann-core"
 version = "0.3.5"
 description = "Core API and plugin system for LEANN"
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 license = { text = "MIT" }
 
 # All required dependencies included

packages/leann/pyproject.toml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ name = "leann"
 version = "0.3.5"
 description = "LEANN - The smallest vector index in the world. RAG Everything with LEANN!"
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 license = { text = "MIT" }
 authors = [
     { name = "LEANN Team" }
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ classifiers = [
     "Intended Audience :: Developers",
     "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
 ]
 
 # Default installation: core + hnsw + diskann

pyproject.toml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 [project]
 name = "leann-workspace"
 version = "0.1.0"
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 
 dependencies = [
     "leann-core",