Add ty type checker to CI and fix type errors (fixes bug from PR #157) (#192)

* Add ty type checker to CI and fix type errors

- Add ty (Astral's fast Python type checker) to GitHub CI workflow
- Fix type annotations across all RAG apps:
  - Update load_data return types from list[str] to list[dict[str, Any]]
  - Fix base_rag_example.py to properly handle dict format from create_text_chunks
- Fix type errors in leann-core:
  - chunking_utils.py: Add explicit type annotations
  - cli.py: Fix return type annotations for PDF extraction functions
  - interactive_utils.py: Fix readline import type handling
- Fix type errors in apps:
  - wechat_history.py: Fix return type annotations
  - document_rag.py, code_rag.py: Replace **kwargs with explicit arguments
- Add ty configuration to pyproject.toml

This resolves the bug introduced in PR #157 where create_text_chunks()
changed to return list[dict] but callers were not updated.

* Fix remaining ty type errors

- Fix slack_mcp_reader.py channel parameter can be None
- Fix embedding_compute.py ContextProp type issue
- Fix searcher_base.py method override signatures
- Fix chunking_utils.py chunk_text assignment
- Fix slack_rag.py and twitter_rag.py return types
- Fix email.py and image_rag.py method overrides

* Fix multimodal benchmark scripts type errors

- Fix undefined LeannRetriever -> LeannMultiVector
- Add proper type casts for HuggingFace Dataset iteration
- Cast task config values to correct types
- Add type annotations for dataset row dicts

* Enable ty check for multimodal scripts in CI

All type errors in multimodal scripts have been fixed, so we can now
include them in the CI type checking.

* Fix all test type errors and enable ty check on tests

- Fix test_basic.py: search() takes str not list
- Fix test_cli_prompt_template.py: add type: ignore for Mock assignments
- Fix test_prompt_template_persistence.py: match BaseSearcher.search signature
- Fix test_prompt_template_e2e.py: add type narrowing asserts after skip
- Fix test_readme_examples.py: use explicit kwargs instead of **model_args
- Fix metadata_filter.py: allow Optional[MetadataFilters]
- Update CI to run ty check on tests

* Format code with ruff

* Format searcher_base.py

.github/workflows/build-reusable.yml

@@ -28,15 +28,36 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           uv run --only-group lint pre-commit run --all-files --show-diff-on-failure
 
+  type-check:
+    name: Type Check with ty
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ inputs.ref }}
+          submodules: recursive
+
+      - name: Install uv and Python
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.11'
+
+      - name: Install ty
+        run: uv tool install ty
+
+      - name: Run ty type checker
+        run: |
+          # Run ty on core packages, apps, and tests
+          ty check packages/leann-core/src apps tests
 
   build:
-    needs: lint
+    needs: [lint, type-check]
     name: Build ${{ matrix.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
         include:
-          - os: ubuntu-22.04
+          # Note: Python 3.9 dropped - uses PEP 604 union syntax (str | None)
-            python: '3.9'
+          # which requires Python 3.10+
           - os: ubuntu-22.04
             python: '3.10'
           - os: ubuntu-22.04
@@ -46,8 +67,6 @@ jobs:
           - os: ubuntu-22.04
             python: '3.13'
           # ARM64 Linux builds
-          - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
-            python: '3.9'
           - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
             python: '3.10'
           - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
@@ -56,8 +75,6 @@ jobs:
             python: '3.12'
           - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
             python: '3.13'
-          - os: macos-14
-            python: '3.9'
           - os: macos-14
             python: '3.10'
           - os: macos-14
@@ -66,8 +83,6 @@ jobs:
             python: '3.12'
           - os: macos-14
             python: '3.13'
-          - os: macos-15
-            python: '3.9'
           - os: macos-15
             python: '3.10'
           - os: macos-15
@@ -76,16 +91,24 @@ jobs:
             python: '3.12'
           - os: macos-15
             python: '3.13'
-          - os: macos-13
+          # Intel Mac builds (x86_64) - replaces deprecated macos-13
-            python: '3.9'
+          # Note: Python 3.13 excluded - PyTorch has no wheels for macOS x86_64 + Python 3.13
-          - os: macos-13
+          # (PyTorch <=2.4.1 lacks cp313, PyTorch >=2.5.0 dropped Intel Mac support)
+          - os: macos-15-intel
             python: '3.10'
-          - os: macos-13
+          - os: macos-15-intel
             python: '3.11'
-          - os: macos-13
+          - os: macos-15-intel
             python: '3.12'
-          # Note: macos-13 + Python 3.13 excluded due to PyTorch compatibility
+          # macOS 26 (beta) - arm64
-          # (PyTorch 2.5+ supports Python 3.13 but not Intel Mac x86_64)
+          - os: macos-26
+            python: '3.10'
+          - os: macos-26
+            python: '3.11'
+          - os: macos-26
+            python: '3.12'
+          - os: macos-26
+            python: '3.13'
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
 
     steps:
@@ -204,13 +227,16 @@ jobs:
             # Use system clang for better compatibility
             export CC=clang
             export CXX=clang++
-            # Homebrew libraries on each macOS version require matching minimum version
+            # Set deployment target based on runner
-            if [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-13" ]]; then
+            # macos-15-intel runs macOS 15, so target 15.0 (system libraries require it)
-              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=13.0
+            if [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-15-intel" ]]; then
-            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-14" ]]; then
-              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=14.0
-            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-15" ]]; then
               export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=15.0
+            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == macos-14* ]]; then
+              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=14.0
+            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == macos-15* ]]; then
+              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=15.0
+            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == macos-26* ]]; then
+              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=26.0
             fi
             uv build --wheel --python ${{ matrix.python }} --find-links ${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/packages/leann-core/dist
           else
@@ -224,14 +250,16 @@ jobs:
             # Use system clang for better compatibility
             export CC=clang
             export CXX=clang++
-            # DiskANN requires macOS 13.3+ for sgesdd_ LAPACK function
+            # Set deployment target based on runner
-            # But Homebrew libraries on each macOS version require matching minimum version
+            # macos-15-intel runs macOS 15, so target 15.0 (system libraries require it)
-            if [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-13" ]]; then
+            if [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-15-intel" ]]; then
-              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=13.3
-            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-14" ]]; then
-              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=14.0
-            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-15" ]]; then
               export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=15.0
+            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == macos-14* ]]; then
+              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=14.0
+            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == macos-15* ]]; then
+              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=15.0
+            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == macos-26* ]]; then
+              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=26.0
             fi
             uv build --wheel --python ${{ matrix.python }} --find-links ${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/packages/leann-core/dist
           else
@@ -269,16 +297,19 @@ jobs:
         if: runner.os == 'macOS'
         run: |
           # Determine deployment target based on runner OS
-          # Must match the Homebrew libraries for each macOS version
+          # macos-15-intel runs macOS 15, so target 15.0 (system libraries require it)
-          if [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-13" ]]; then
+          if [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-15-intel" ]]; then
-            HNSW_TARGET="13.0"
-            DISKANN_TARGET="13.3"
-          elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-14" ]]; then
-            HNSW_TARGET="14.0"
-            DISKANN_TARGET="14.0"
-          elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-15" ]]; then
             HNSW_TARGET="15.0"
             DISKANN_TARGET="15.0"
+          elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == macos-14* ]]; then
+            HNSW_TARGET="14.0"
+            DISKANN_TARGET="14.0"
+          elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == macos-15* ]]; then
+            HNSW_TARGET="15.0"
+            DISKANN_TARGET="15.0"
+          elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == macos-26* ]]; then
+            HNSW_TARGET="26.0"
+            DISKANN_TARGET="26.0"
           fi
 
           # Repair HNSW wheel
@@ -334,12 +365,15 @@ jobs:
           PY_TAG=$($UV_PY -c "import sys; print(f'cp{sys.version_info[0]}{sys.version_info[1]}')")
 
           if [[ "$RUNNER_OS" == "macOS" ]]; then
-            if [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-13" ]]; then
+            # macos-15-intel runs macOS 15, so target 15.0 (system libraries require it)
-              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=13.3
+            if [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-15-intel" ]]; then
-            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-14" ]]; then
-              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=14.0
-            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos-15" ]]; then
               export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=15.0
+            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == macos-14* ]]; then
+              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=14.0
+            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == macos-15* ]]; then
+              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=15.0
+            elif [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == macos-26* ]]; then
+              export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=26.0
             fi
           fi
 

apps/base_rag_example.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Provides common parameters and functionality for all RAG examples.
 import argparse
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Union
+from typing import Any
 
 import dotenv
 from leann.api import LeannBuilder, LeannChat
@@ -257,8 +257,8 @@ class BaseRAGExample(ABC):
         pass
 
     @abstractmethod
-    async def load_data(self, args) -> list[Union[str, dict[str, Any]]]:
+    async def load_data(self, args) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
-        """Load data from the source. Returns list of text chunks (strings or dicts with 'text' key)."""
+        """Load data from the source. Returns list of text chunks as dicts with 'text' and 'metadata' keys."""
         pass
 
     def get_llm_config(self, args) -> dict[str, Any]:
@@ -282,8 +282,8 @@ class BaseRAGExample(ABC):
 
         return config
 
-    async def build_index(self, args, texts: list[Union[str, dict[str, Any]]]) -> str:
+    async def build_index(self, args, texts: list[dict[str, Any]]) -> str:
-        """Build LEANN index from texts (accepts strings or dicts with 'text' key)."""
+        """Build LEANN index from text chunks (dicts with 'text' and 'metadata' keys)."""
         index_path = str(Path(args.index_dir) / f"{self.default_index_name}.leann")
 
         print(f"\n[Building Index] Creating {self.name} index...")

apps/browser_rag.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ Supports Chrome browser history.
 import os
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 
 # Add parent directory to path for imports
 sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent))
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ class BrowserRAG(BaseRAGExample):
 
         return profiles
 
-    async def load_data(self, args) -> list[str]:
+    async def load_data(self, args) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         """Load browser history and convert to text chunks."""
         # Determine Chrome profiles
         if args.chrome_profile and not args.auto_find_profiles:

apps/chatgpt_rag.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ Supports ChatGPT export data from chat.html files.
 
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 
 # Add parent directory to path for imports
 sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent))
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ class ChatGPTRAG(BaseRAGExample):
 
         return export_files
 
-    async def load_data(self, args) -> list[str]:
+    async def load_data(self, args) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         """Load ChatGPT export data and convert to text chunks."""
         export_path = Path(args.export_path)
 

apps/claude_rag.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ Supports Claude export data from JSON files.
 
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 
 # Add parent directory to path for imports
 sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent))
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ class ClaudeRAG(BaseRAGExample):
 
         return export_files
 
-    async def load_data(self, args) -> list[str]:
+    async def load_data(self, args) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         """Load Claude export data and convert to text chunks."""
         export_path = Path(args.export_path)
 

apps/code_rag.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ optimized chunking parameters.
 
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 
 # Add parent directory to path for imports
 sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent))
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ class CodeRAG(BaseRAGExample):
             help="Try to preserve import statements in chunks (default: True)",
         )
 
-    async def load_data(self, args) -> list[str]:
+    async def load_data(self, args) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         """Load code files and convert to AST-aware chunks."""
         print(f"🔍 Scanning code repository: {args.repo_dir}")
         print(f"📁 Including extensions: {args.include_extensions}")
@@ -88,14 +89,6 @@ class CodeRAG(BaseRAGExample):
         if not repo_path.exists():
             raise ValueError(f"Repository directory not found: {args.repo_dir}")
 
-        # Load code files with filtering
-        reader_kwargs = {
-            "recursive": True,
-            "encoding": "utf-8",
-            "required_exts": args.include_extensions,
-            "exclude_hidden": True,
-        }
-
         # Create exclusion filter
         def file_filter(file_path: str) -> bool:
             """Filter out unwanted files and directories."""
@@ -120,8 +113,11 @@ class CodeRAG(BaseRAGExample):
             # Load documents with file filtering
             documents = SimpleDirectoryReader(
                 args.repo_dir,
-                file_extractor=None,  # Use default extractors
+                file_extractor=None,
-                **reader_kwargs,
+                recursive=True,
+                encoding="utf-8",
+                required_exts=args.include_extensions,
+                exclude_hidden=True,
             ).load_data(show_progress=True)
 
             # Apply custom filtering

apps/document_rag.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Supports PDF, TXT, MD, and other document formats.
 
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Union
+from typing import Any
 
 # Add parent directory to path for imports
 sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent))
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class DocumentRAG(BaseRAGExample):
             help="Enable AST-aware chunking for code files in the data directory",
         )
 
-    async def load_data(self, args) -> list[Union[str, dict[str, Any]]]:
+    async def load_data(self, args) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         """Load documents and convert to text chunks."""
         print(f"Loading documents from: {args.data_dir}")
         if args.file_types:
@@ -66,16 +66,12 @@ class DocumentRAG(BaseRAGExample):
             raise ValueError(f"Data directory not found: {args.data_dir}")
 
         # Load documents
-        reader_kwargs = {
+        documents = SimpleDirectoryReader(
-            "recursive": True,
+            args.data_dir,
-            "encoding": "utf-8",
+            recursive=True,
-        }
+            encoding="utf-8",
-        if args.file_types:
+            required_exts=args.file_types if args.file_types else None,
-            reader_kwargs["required_exts"] = args.file_types
+        ).load_data(show_progress=True)
-
-        documents = SimpleDirectoryReader(args.data_dir, **reader_kwargs).load_data(
-            show_progress=True
-        )
 
         if not documents:
             print(f"No documents found in {args.data_dir} with extensions {args.file_types}")

apps/email_data/email.py

@@ -127,11 +127,12 @@ class EmlxMboxReader(MboxReader):
 
     def load_data(
         self,
-        directory: Path,
+        file: Path,  # Note: for EmlxMboxReader, this is actually a directory
         extra_info: dict | None = None,
         fs: AbstractFileSystem | None = None,
     ) -> list[Document]:
         """Parse .emlx files from directory into strings using MboxReader logic."""
+        directory = file  # Rename for clarity - this is a directory of .emlx files
         import os
         import tempfile
 

apps/email_rag.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ Supports Apple Mail on macOS.
 
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 
 # Add parent directory to path for imports
 sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent))
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ class EmailRAG(BaseRAGExample):
 
         return messages_dirs
 
-    async def load_data(self, args) -> list[str]:
+    async def load_data(self, args) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         """Load emails and convert to text chunks."""
         # Determine mail directories
         if args.mail_path:

apps/history_data/wechat_history.py

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class WeChatHistoryReader(BaseReader):
                 text=True,
                 timeout=5,
             )
-            return result.returncode == 0 and result.stdout.strip()
+            return result.returncode == 0 and bool(result.stdout.strip())
         except Exception:
             return False
 
@@ -314,7 +314,9 @@ class WeChatHistoryReader(BaseReader):
 
         return concatenated_groups
 
-    def _create_concatenated_content(self, message_group: dict, contact_name: str) -> str:
+    def _create_concatenated_content(
+        self, message_group: dict, contact_name: str
+    ) -> tuple[str, str]:
         """
         Create concatenated content from a group of messages.
 

apps/image_rag.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import argparse
 import pickle
 import tempfile
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 
 import numpy as np
 from PIL import Image
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ class ImageRAG(BaseRAGExample):
             help="Batch size for CLIP embedding generation (default: 32)",
         )
 
-    async def load_data(self, args) -> list[str]:
+    async def load_data(self, args) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         """Load images, generate CLIP embeddings, and return text descriptions."""
         self._image_data = self._load_images_and_embeddings(args)
         return [entry["text"] for entry in self._image_data]
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ class ImageRAG(BaseRAGExample):
         print(f"✅ Processed {len(image_data)} images")
         return image_data
 
-    async def build_index(self, args, texts: list[str]) -> str:
+    async def build_index(self, args, texts: list[dict[str, Any]]) -> str:
         """Build index using pre-computed CLIP embeddings."""
         from leann.api import LeannBuilder
 

apps/imessage_rag.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ This example demonstrates how to build a RAG system on your iMessage conversatio
 
 import asyncio
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 
 from leann.chunking_utils import create_text_chunks
 
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ class IMessageRAG(BaseRAGExample):
             help="Overlap between text chunks (default: 200)",
         )
 
-    async def load_data(self, args) -> list[str]:
+    async def load_data(self, args) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         """Load iMessage history and convert to text chunks."""
         print("Loading iMessage conversation history...")
 

apps/multimodal/vision-based-pdf-multi-vector/multi-vector-leann-paper-example.py

@@ -18,10 +18,11 @@ _repo_root = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[3]
 _leann_core_src = _repo_root / "packages" / "leann-core" / "src"
 _leann_hnsw_pkg = _repo_root / "packages" / "leann-backend-hnsw"
 if str(_leann_core_src) not in sys.path:
-    sys.path.append(str(_leann_core_src))
+    sys.path.insert(0, str(_leann_core_src))
 if str(_leann_hnsw_pkg) not in sys.path:
-    sys.path.append(str(_leann_hnsw_pkg))
+    sys.path.insert(0, str(_leann_hnsw_pkg))
 
+from leann_multi_vector import LeannMultiVector
 
 import torch
 from colpali_engine.models import ColPali
@@ -93,9 +94,9 @@ for batch_doc in tqdm(dataloader):
 print(ds[0].shape)
 
 # %%
-# Build HNSW index via LeannRetriever primitives and run search
+# Build HNSW index via LeannMultiVector primitives and run search
 index_path = "./indexes/colpali.leann"
-retriever = LeannRetriever(index_path=index_path, dim=int(ds[0].shape[-1]))
+retriever = LeannMultiVector(index_path=index_path, dim=int(ds[0].shape[-1]))
 retriever.create_collection()
 filepaths = [os.path.join("./pages", name) for name in page_filenames]
 for i in range(len(filepaths)):

apps/multimodal/vision-based-pdf-multi-vector/multi-vector-leann-similarity-map.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import argparse
 import faulthandler
 import os
 import time
-from typing import Any, Optional
+from typing import Any, Optional, cast
 
 import numpy as np
 from PIL import Image
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ if need_to_build_index:
         # Use filenames as identifiers instead of full paths for cleaner metadata
         filepaths = [os.path.basename(fp) for fp in filepaths]
     elif USE_HF_DATASET:
-        from datasets import load_dataset, concatenate_datasets, DatasetDict
+        from datasets import Dataset, DatasetDict, concatenate_datasets, load_dataset
 
         # Determine which datasets to load
         if DATASET_NAMES is not None:
@@ -281,12 +281,12 @@ if need_to_build_index:
                 splits_to_load = DATASET_SPLITS
 
             # Load and concatenate multiple splits for this dataset
-            datasets_to_concat = []
+            datasets_to_concat: list[Dataset] = []
             for split in splits_to_load:
                 if split not in dataset_dict:
                     print(f"  Warning: Split '{split}' not found in dataset. Available splits: {list(dataset_dict.keys())}")
                     continue
-                split_dataset = dataset_dict[split]
+                split_dataset = cast(Dataset, dataset_dict[split])
                 print(f"  Loaded split '{split}': {len(split_dataset)} pages")
                 datasets_to_concat.append(split_dataset)
 

apps/multimodal/vision-based-pdf-multi-vector/vidore_v1_benchmark.py

@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ Usage:
 import argparse
 import json
 import os
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Any, Optional, cast
 
-from datasets import load_dataset
+from datasets import Dataset, load_dataset
 from leann_multi_vector import (
     ViDoReBenchmarkEvaluator,
     _ensure_repo_paths_importable,
@@ -151,40 +151,43 @@ def load_vidore_v1_data(
     """
     print(f"Loading dataset: {dataset_path} (split={split})")
 
-    # Load queries
+    # Load queries - cast to Dataset since we know split returns Dataset not DatasetDict
-    query_ds = load_dataset(dataset_path, "queries", split=split, revision=revision)
+    query_ds = cast(Dataset, load_dataset(dataset_path, "queries", split=split, revision=revision))
 
-    queries = {}
+    queries: dict[str, str] = {}
     for row in query_ds:
-        query_id = f"query-{split}-{row['query-id']}"
+        row_dict = cast(dict[str, Any], row)
-        queries[query_id] = row["query"]
+        query_id = f"query-{split}-{row_dict['query-id']}"
+        queries[query_id] = row_dict["query"]
 
-    # Load corpus (images)
+    # Load corpus (images) - cast to Dataset
-    corpus_ds = load_dataset(dataset_path, "corpus", split=split, revision=revision)
+    corpus_ds = cast(Dataset, load_dataset(dataset_path, "corpus", split=split, revision=revision))
 
-    corpus = {}
+    corpus: dict[str, Any] = {}
     for row in corpus_ds:
-        corpus_id = f"corpus-{split}-{row['corpus-id']}"
+        row_dict = cast(dict[str, Any], row)
+        corpus_id = f"corpus-{split}-{row_dict['corpus-id']}"
         # Extract image from the dataset row
-        if "image" in row:
+        if "image" in row_dict:
-            corpus[corpus_id] = row["image"]
+            corpus[corpus_id] = row_dict["image"]
-        elif "page_image" in row:
+        elif "page_image" in row_dict:
-            corpus[corpus_id] = row["page_image"]
+            corpus[corpus_id] = row_dict["page_image"]
         else:
             raise ValueError(
-                f"No image field found in corpus. Available fields: {list(row.keys())}"
+                f"No image field found in corpus. Available fields: {list(row_dict.keys())}"
             )
 
-    # Load qrels (relevance judgments)
+    # Load qrels (relevance judgments) - cast to Dataset
-    qrels_ds = load_dataset(dataset_path, "qrels", split=split, revision=revision)
+    qrels_ds = cast(Dataset, load_dataset(dataset_path, "qrels", split=split, revision=revision))
 
-    qrels = {}
+    qrels: dict[str, dict[str, int]] = {}
     for row in qrels_ds:
-        query_id = f"query-{split}-{row['query-id']}"
+        row_dict = cast(dict[str, Any], row)
-        corpus_id = f"corpus-{split}-{row['corpus-id']}"
+        query_id = f"query-{split}-{row_dict['query-id']}"
+        corpus_id = f"corpus-{split}-{row_dict['corpus-id']}"
         if query_id not in qrels:
             qrels[query_id] = {}
-        qrels[query_id][corpus_id] = int(row["score"])
+        qrels[query_id][corpus_id] = int(row_dict["score"])
 
     print(
         f"Loaded {len(queries)} queries, {len(corpus)} corpus items, {len(qrels)} query-relevance mappings"
@@ -234,8 +237,8 @@ def evaluate_task(
         raise ValueError(f"Unknown task: {task_name}. Available: {list(VIDORE_V1_TASKS.keys())}")
 
     task_config = VIDORE_V1_TASKS[task_name]
-    dataset_path = task_config["dataset_path"]
+    dataset_path = str(task_config["dataset_path"])
-    revision = task_config["revision"]
+    revision = str(task_config["revision"])
 
     # Load data
     corpus, queries, qrels = load_vidore_v1_data(
@@ -286,7 +289,7 @@ def evaluate_task(
     )
 
     # Search queries
-    task_prompt = task_config.get("prompt")
+    task_prompt = cast(Optional[dict[str, str]], task_config.get("prompt"))
     results = evaluator.search_queries(
         queries=queries,
         corpus_ids=corpus_ids_ordered,

apps/multimodal/vision-based-pdf-multi-vector/vidore_v2_benchmark.py

@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ Usage:
 import argparse
 import json
 import os
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Any, Optional, cast
 
-from datasets import load_dataset
+from datasets import Dataset, load_dataset
 from leann_multi_vector import (
     ViDoReBenchmarkEvaluator,
     _ensure_repo_paths_importable,
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ def load_vidore_v2_data(
     """
     print(f"Loading dataset: {dataset_path} (split={split}, language={language})")
 
-    # Load queries
+    # Load queries - cast to Dataset since we know split returns Dataset not DatasetDict
-    query_ds = load_dataset(dataset_path, "queries", split=split, revision=revision)
+    query_ds = cast(Dataset, load_dataset(dataset_path, "queries", split=split, revision=revision))
 
     # Check if dataset has language field before filtering
     has_language_field = len(query_ds) > 0 and "language" in query_ds.column_names
@@ -112,8 +112,9 @@ def load_vidore_v2_data(
             if len(query_ds_filtered) == 0:
                 # Try to get a sample to see actual language values
                 try:
-                    sample_ds = load_dataset(
+                    sample_ds = cast(
-                        dataset_path, "queries", split=split, revision=revision
+                        Dataset,
+                        load_dataset(dataset_path, "queries", split=split, revision=revision),
                     )
                     if len(sample_ds) > 0 and "language" in sample_ds.column_names:
                         sample_langs = set(sample_ds["language"])
@@ -126,37 +127,40 @@ def load_vidore_v2_data(
                 )
         query_ds = query_ds_filtered
 
-    queries = {}
+    queries: dict[str, str] = {}
     for row in query_ds:
-        query_id = f"query-{split}-{row['query-id']}"
+        row_dict = cast(dict[str, Any], row)
-        queries[query_id] = row["query"]
+        query_id = f"query-{split}-{row_dict['query-id']}"
+        queries[query_id] = row_dict["query"]
 
-    # Load corpus (images)
+    # Load corpus (images) - cast to Dataset
-    corpus_ds = load_dataset(dataset_path, "corpus", split=split, revision=revision)
+    corpus_ds = cast(Dataset, load_dataset(dataset_path, "corpus", split=split, revision=revision))
 
-    corpus = {}
+    corpus: dict[str, Any] = {}
     for row in corpus_ds:
-        corpus_id = f"corpus-{split}-{row['corpus-id']}"
+        row_dict = cast(dict[str, Any], row)
+        corpus_id = f"corpus-{split}-{row_dict['corpus-id']}"
         # Extract image from the dataset row
-        if "image" in row:
+        if "image" in row_dict:
-            corpus[corpus_id] = row["image"]
+            corpus[corpus_id] = row_dict["image"]
-        elif "page_image" in row:
+        elif "page_image" in row_dict:
-            corpus[corpus_id] = row["page_image"]
+            corpus[corpus_id] = row_dict["page_image"]
         else:
             raise ValueError(
-                f"No image field found in corpus. Available fields: {list(row.keys())}"
+                f"No image field found in corpus. Available fields: {list(row_dict.keys())}"
             )
 
-    # Load qrels (relevance judgments)
+    # Load qrels (relevance judgments) - cast to Dataset
-    qrels_ds = load_dataset(dataset_path, "qrels", split=split, revision=revision)
+    qrels_ds = cast(Dataset, load_dataset(dataset_path, "qrels", split=split, revision=revision))
 
-    qrels = {}
+    qrels: dict[str, dict[str, int]] = {}
     for row in qrels_ds:
-        query_id = f"query-{split}-{row['query-id']}"
+        row_dict = cast(dict[str, Any], row)
-        corpus_id = f"corpus-{split}-{row['corpus-id']}"
+        query_id = f"query-{split}-{row_dict['query-id']}"
+        corpus_id = f"corpus-{split}-{row_dict['corpus-id']}"
         if query_id not in qrels:
             qrels[query_id] = {}
-        qrels[query_id][corpus_id] = int(row["score"])
+        qrels[query_id][corpus_id] = int(row_dict["score"])
 
     print(
         f"Loaded {len(queries)} queries, {len(corpus)} corpus items, {len(qrels)} query-relevance mappings"
@@ -204,13 +208,13 @@ def evaluate_task(
         raise ValueError(f"Unknown task: {task_name}. Available: {list(VIDORE_V2_TASKS.keys())}")
 
     task_config = VIDORE_V2_TASKS[task_name]
-    dataset_path = task_config["dataset_path"]
+    dataset_path = str(task_config["dataset_path"])
-    revision = task_config["revision"]
+    revision = str(task_config["revision"])
 
     # Determine language
     if language is None:
         # Use first language if multiple available
-        languages = task_config.get("languages")
+        languages = cast(Optional[list[str]], task_config.get("languages"))
         if languages is None:
             # Task doesn't support language filtering (e.g., Vidore2ESGReportsHLRetrieval)
             language = None
@@ -269,7 +273,7 @@ def evaluate_task(
     )
 
     # Search queries
-    task_prompt = task_config.get("prompt")
+    task_prompt = cast(Optional[dict[str, str]], task_config.get("prompt"))
     results = evaluator.search_queries(
         queries=queries,
         corpus_ids=corpus_ids_ordered,

apps/slack_data/slack_mcp_reader.py

@@ -177,7 +177,9 @@ class SlackMCPReader:
                     break
 
         # If we get here, all retries failed or it's not a retryable error
-        raise last_exception
+        if last_exception is not None:
+            raise last_exception
+        raise RuntimeError("Unexpected error: no exception captured during retry loop")
 
     async def fetch_slack_messages(
         self, channel: Optional[str] = None, limit: int = 100
@@ -267,7 +269,10 @@ class SlackMCPReader:
                     messages = json.loads(content["text"])
                 except json.JSONDecodeError:
                     # If not JSON, try to parse as CSV format (Slack MCP server format)
-                    messages = self._parse_csv_messages(content["text"], channel)
+                    text_content = content.get("text", "")
+                    messages = self._parse_csv_messages(
+                        text_content if text_content else "", channel or "unknown"
+                    )
             else:
                 messages = result["content"]
         else:

apps/slack_rag.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ Usage:
 
 import argparse
 import asyncio
+from typing import Any
 
 from apps.base_rag_example import BaseRAGExample
 from apps.slack_data.slack_mcp_reader import SlackMCPReader
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ class SlackMCPRAG(BaseRAGExample):
             print("4. Try running the MCP server command directly to test it")
             return False
 
-    async def load_data(self, args) -> list[str]:
+    async def load_data(self, args) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         """Load Slack messages via MCP server."""
         print(f"Connecting to Slack MCP server: {args.mcp_server}")
 
@@ -188,7 +189,8 @@ class SlackMCPRAG(BaseRAGExample):
                 print(sample_text)
                 print("-" * 40)
 
-            return texts
+            # Convert strings to dict format expected by base class
+            return [{"text": text, "metadata": {"source": "slack"}} for text in texts]
 
         except Exception as e:
             print(f"Error loading Slack data: {e}")

apps/twitter_rag.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ Usage:
 
 import argparse
 import asyncio
+from typing import Any
 
 from apps.base_rag_example import BaseRAGExample
 from apps.twitter_data.twitter_mcp_reader import TwitterMCPReader
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ class TwitterMCPRAG(BaseRAGExample):
             print("5. Try running the MCP server command directly to test it")
             return False
 
-    async def load_data(self, args) -> list[str]:
+    async def load_data(self, args) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         """Load Twitter bookmarks via MCP server."""
         print(f"Connecting to Twitter MCP server: {args.mcp_server}")
 
@@ -156,7 +157,8 @@ class TwitterMCPRAG(BaseRAGExample):
                 print(sample_text)
                 print("-" * 50)
 
-            return texts
+            # Convert strings to dict format expected by base class
+            return [{"text": text, "metadata": {"source": "twitter"}} for text in texts]
 
         except Exception as e:
             print(f"❌ Error loading Twitter bookmarks: {e}")

apps/wechat_rag.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ Supports WeChat chat history export and search.
 import subprocess
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 
 # Add parent directory to path for imports
 sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent))
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ class WeChatRAG(BaseRAGExample):
             print(f"Export error: {e}")
             return False
 
-    async def load_data(self, args) -> list[str]:
+    async def load_data(self, args) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         """Load WeChat history and convert to text chunks."""
         # Initialize WeChat reader with export capabilities
         reader = WeChatHistoryReader()

packages/leann-core/pyproject.toml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ name = "leann-core"
 version = "0.3.5"
 description = "Core API and plugin system for LEANN"
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 license = { text = "MIT" }
 
 # All required dependencies included

packages/leann-core/src/leann/chunking_utils.py

@@ -239,11 +239,11 @@ def create_ast_chunks(
 
             chunks = chunk_builder.chunkify(code_content)
             for chunk in chunks:
-                chunk_text = None
+                chunk_text: str | None = None
-                astchunk_metadata = {}
+                astchunk_metadata: dict[str, Any] = {}
 
                 if hasattr(chunk, "text"):
-                    chunk_text = chunk.text
+                    chunk_text = str(chunk.text) if chunk.text else None
                 elif isinstance(chunk, str):
                     chunk_text = chunk
                 elif isinstance(chunk, dict):

packages/leann-core/src/leann/cli.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from .settings import (
 )
 
 
-def extract_pdf_text_with_pymupdf(file_path: str) -> str:
+def extract_pdf_text_with_pymupdf(file_path: str) -> str | None:
     """Extract text from PDF using PyMuPDF for better quality."""
     try:
         import fitz  # PyMuPDF
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def extract_pdf_text_with_pymupdf(file_path: str) -> str:
         return None
 
 
-def extract_pdf_text_with_pdfplumber(file_path: str) -> str:
+def extract_pdf_text_with_pdfplumber(file_path: str) -> str | None:
     """Extract text from PDF using pdfplumber for better quality."""
     try:
         import pdfplumber

packages/leann-core/src/leann/embedding_compute.py

@@ -451,7 +451,8 @@ def compute_embeddings_sentence_transformers(
             # TODO: Haven't tested this yet
             torch.set_num_threads(min(8, os.cpu_count() or 4))
             try:
-                torch.backends.mkldnn.enabled = True
+                # PyTorch's ContextProp type is complex; cast for type checker
+                torch.backends.mkldnn.enabled = True  # type: ignore[assignment]
             except AttributeError:
                 pass
 

packages/leann-core/src/leann/interactive_utils.py

@@ -11,14 +11,15 @@ from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Callable, Optional
 
 # Try to import readline with fallback for Windows
+HAS_READLINE = False
+readline = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
 try:
-    import readline
+    import readline  # type: ignore[no-redef]
 
     HAS_READLINE = True
 except ImportError:
     # Windows doesn't have readline by default
-    HAS_READLINE = False
+    pass
-    readline = None
 
 
 class InteractiveSession:

packages/leann-core/src/leann/metadata_filter.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ operators for different data types including numbers, strings, booleans, and lis
 """
 
 import logging
-from typing import Any, Union
+from typing import Any, Optional, Union
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class MetadataFilterEngine:
         }
 
     def apply_filters(
-        self, search_results: list[dict[str, Any]], metadata_filters: MetadataFilters
+        self, search_results: list[dict[str, Any]], metadata_filters: Optional[MetadataFilters]
     ) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         """
         Apply metadata filters to a list of search results.

packages/leann-core/src/leann/searcher_base.py

@@ -56,7 +56,9 @@ class BaseSearcher(LeannBackendSearcherInterface, ABC):
         with open(meta_path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
             return json.load(f)
 
-    def _ensure_server_running(self, passages_source_file: str, port: int, **kwargs) -> int:
+    def _ensure_server_running(
+        self, passages_source_file: str, port: Optional[int], **kwargs
+    ) -> int:
         """
         Ensures the embedding server is running if recompute is needed.
         This is a helper for subclasses.
@@ -81,7 +83,7 @@ class BaseSearcher(LeannBackendSearcherInterface, ABC):
         }
 
         server_started, actual_port = self.embedding_server_manager.start_server(
-            port=port,
+            port=port if port is not None else 5557,
             model_name=self.embedding_model,
             embedding_mode=self.embedding_mode,
             passages_file=passages_source_file,
@@ -98,7 +100,7 @@ class BaseSearcher(LeannBackendSearcherInterface, ABC):
         self,
         query: str,
         use_server_if_available: bool = True,
-        zmq_port: int = 5557,
+        zmq_port: Optional[int] = None,
         query_template: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> np.ndarray:
         """

packages/leann/pyproject.toml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ name = "leann"
 version = "0.3.5"
 description = "LEANN - The smallest vector index in the world. RAG Everything with LEANN!"
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 license = { text = "MIT" }
 authors = [
     { name = "LEANN Team" }
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ classifiers = [
     "Intended Audience :: Developers",
     "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
 ]
 
 # Default installation: core + hnsw + diskann

pyproject.toml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 [project]
 name = "leann-workspace"
 version = "0.1.0"
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 
 dependencies = [
     "leann-core",
@@ -157,6 +157,19 @@ exclude = ["localhost", "127.0.0.1", "example.com"]
 exclude_path = [".git/", ".venv/", "__pycache__/", "third_party/"]
 scheme = ["https", "http"]
 
+[tool.ty]
+# Type checking with ty (Astral's fast Python type checker)
+# ty is 10-100x faster than mypy. See: https://docs.astral.sh/ty/
+
+[tool.ty.environment]
+python-version = "3.11"
+extra-paths = ["apps", "packages/leann-core/src"]
+
+[tool.ty.rules]
+# Disable some noisy rules that have many false positives
+possibly-missing-attribute = "ignore"
+unresolved-import = "ignore"  # Many optional dependencies
+
 [tool.pytest.ini_options]
 testpaths = ["tests"]
 python_files = ["test_*.py"]

tests/test_basic.py

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def test_large_index():
         builder.build_index(index_path)
 
         searcher = LeannSearcher(index_path)
-        results = searcher.search(["word10 word20"], top_k=10)
+        results = searcher.search("word10 word20", top_k=10)
-        assert len(results[0]) == 10
+        assert len(results) == 10
         # Cleanup
         searcher.cleanup()

tests/test_cli_prompt_template.py

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class TestPromptTemplateStoredInEmbeddingOptions:
         cli = LeannCLI()
 
         # Mock load_documents to return a document so builder is created
-        cli.load_documents = Mock(return_value=[{"text": "test content", "metadata": {}}])
+        cli.load_documents = Mock(return_value=[{"text": "test content", "metadata": {}}])  # type: ignore[assignment]
 
         parser = cli.create_parser()
 
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ class TestPromptTemplateStoredInEmbeddingOptions:
         cli = LeannCLI()
 
         # Mock load_documents to return a document so builder is created
-        cli.load_documents = Mock(return_value=[{"text": "test content", "metadata": {}}])
+        cli.load_documents = Mock(return_value=[{"text": "test content", "metadata": {}}])  # type: ignore[assignment]
 
         parser = cli.create_parser()
 
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ class TestPromptTemplateStoredInEmbeddingOptions:
         cli = LeannCLI()
 
         # Mock load_documents to return a document so builder is created
-        cli.load_documents = Mock(return_value=[{"text": "test content", "metadata": {}}])
+        cli.load_documents = Mock(return_value=[{"text": "test content", "metadata": {}}])  # type: ignore[assignment]
 
         parser = cli.create_parser()
 
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ class TestPromptTemplateStoredInEmbeddingOptions:
         cli = LeannCLI()
 
         # Mock load_documents to return a document so builder is created
-        cli.load_documents = Mock(return_value=[{"text": "test content", "metadata": {}}])
+        cli.load_documents = Mock(return_value=[{"text": "test content", "metadata": {}}])  # type: ignore[assignment]
 
         parser = cli.create_parser()
 
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ class TestPromptTemplateStoredInEmbeddingOptions:
         cli = LeannCLI()
 
         # Mock load_documents to return a document so builder is created
-        cli.load_documents = Mock(return_value=[{"text": "test content", "metadata": {}}])
+        cli.load_documents = Mock(return_value=[{"text": "test content", "metadata": {}}])  # type: ignore[assignment]
 
         parser = cli.create_parser()
 
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ class TestPromptTemplateFlowsToComputeEmbeddings:
         cli = LeannCLI()
 
         # Mock load_documents to return a simple document
-        cli.load_documents = Mock(return_value=[{"text": "test content", "metadata": {}}])
+        cli.load_documents = Mock(return_value=[{"text": "test content", "metadata": {}}])  # type: ignore[assignment]
 
         parser = cli.create_parser()
 

tests/test_prompt_template_e2e.py

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def check_lmstudio_available() -> bool:
         return False
 
 
-def get_lmstudio_first_model() -> str:
+def get_lmstudio_first_model() -> str | None:
     """Get the first available model from LM Studio."""
     try:
         response = requests.get("http://localhost:1234/v1/models", timeout=5.0)
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ class TestPromptTemplateOpenAI:
         model_name = get_lmstudio_first_model()
         if not model_name:
             pytest.skip("No models loaded in LM Studio")
+        assert model_name is not None  # Type narrowing for type checker
 
         texts = ["artificial intelligence", "machine learning"]
         prompt_template = "search_query: "
@@ -120,6 +121,7 @@ class TestPromptTemplateOpenAI:
         model_name = get_lmstudio_first_model()
         if not model_name:
             pytest.skip("No models loaded in LM Studio")
+        assert model_name is not None  # Type narrowing for type checker
 
         text = "machine learning"
         base_url = "http://localhost:1234/v1"
@@ -271,6 +273,7 @@ class TestLMStudioSDK:
         model_name = get_lmstudio_first_model()
         if not model_name:
             pytest.skip("No models loaded in LM Studio")
+        assert model_name is not None  # Type narrowing for type checker
 
         try:
             from leann.embedding_compute import _query_lmstudio_context_limit

tests/test_prompt_template_persistence.py

@@ -581,7 +581,18 @@ class TestQueryTemplateApplicationInComputeEmbedding:
 
         # Create a concrete implementation for testing
         class TestSearcher(BaseSearcher):
-            def search(self, query_vectors, top_k, complexity, beam_width=1, **kwargs):
+            def search(
+                self,
+                query,
+                top_k,
+                complexity=64,
+                beam_width=1,
+                prune_ratio=0.0,
+                recompute_embeddings=False,
+                pruning_strategy="global",
+                zmq_port=None,
+                **kwargs,
+            ):
                 return {"labels": [], "distances": []}
 
         searcher = object.__new__(TestSearcher)
@@ -625,7 +636,18 @@ class TestQueryTemplateApplicationInComputeEmbedding:
 
         # Create a concrete implementation for testing
         class TestSearcher(BaseSearcher):
-            def search(self, query_vectors, top_k, complexity, beam_width=1, **kwargs):
+            def search(
+                self,
+                query,
+                top_k,
+                complexity=64,
+                beam_width=1,
+                prune_ratio=0.0,
+                recompute_embeddings=False,
+                pruning_strategy="global",
+                zmq_port=None,
+                **kwargs,
+            ):
                 return {"labels": [], "distances": []}
 
         searcher = object.__new__(TestSearcher)
@@ -671,7 +693,18 @@ class TestQueryTemplateApplicationInComputeEmbedding:
         from leann.searcher_base import BaseSearcher
 
         class TestSearcher(BaseSearcher):
-            def search(self, query_vectors, top_k, complexity, beam_width=1, **kwargs):
+            def search(
+                self,
+                query,
+                top_k,
+                complexity=64,
+                beam_width=1,
+                prune_ratio=0.0,
+                recompute_embeddings=False,
+                pruning_strategy="global",
+                zmq_port=None,
+                **kwargs,
+            ):
                 return {"labels": [], "distances": []}
 
         searcher = object.__new__(TestSearcher)
@@ -710,7 +743,18 @@ class TestQueryTemplateApplicationInComputeEmbedding:
         from leann.searcher_base import BaseSearcher
 
         class TestSearcher(BaseSearcher):
-            def search(self, query_vectors, top_k, complexity, beam_width=1, **kwargs):
+            def search(
+                self,
+                query,
+                top_k,
+                complexity=64,
+                beam_width=1,
+                prune_ratio=0.0,
+                recompute_embeddings=False,
+                pruning_strategy="global",
+                zmq_port=None,
+                **kwargs,
+            ):
                 return {"labels": [], "distances": []}
 
         searcher = object.__new__(TestSearcher)
@@ -774,7 +818,18 @@ class TestQueryTemplateApplicationInComputeEmbedding:
         from leann.searcher_base import BaseSearcher
 
         class TestSearcher(BaseSearcher):
-            def search(self, query_vectors, top_k, complexity, beam_width=1, **kwargs):
+            def search(
+                self,
+                query,
+                top_k,
+                complexity=64,
+                beam_width=1,
+                prune_ratio=0.0,
+                recompute_embeddings=False,
+                pruning_strategy="global",
+                zmq_port=None,
+                **kwargs,
+            ):
                 return {"labels": [], "distances": []}
 
         searcher = object.__new__(TestSearcher)

tests/test_readme_examples.py

@@ -97,17 +97,17 @@ def test_backend_options():
 
     with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_dir:
         # Use smaller model in CI to avoid memory issues
-        if os.environ.get("CI") == "true":
+        is_ci = os.environ.get("CI") == "true"
-            model_args = {
+        embedding_model = (
-                "embedding_model": "sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2",
+            "sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2" if is_ci else "facebook/contriever"
-                "dimensions": 384,
+        )
-            }
+        dimensions = 384 if is_ci else None
-        else:
-            model_args = {}
 
         # Test HNSW backend (as shown in README)
         hnsw_path = str(Path(temp_dir) / "test_hnsw.leann")
-        builder_hnsw = LeannBuilder(backend_name="hnsw", **model_args)
+        builder_hnsw = LeannBuilder(
+            backend_name="hnsw", embedding_model=embedding_model, dimensions=dimensions
+        )
         builder_hnsw.add_text("Test document for HNSW backend")
         builder_hnsw.build_index(hnsw_path)
         assert Path(hnsw_path).parent.exists()
@@ -115,7 +115,9 @@ def test_backend_options():
 
         # Test DiskANN backend (mentioned as available option)
         diskann_path = str(Path(temp_dir) / "test_diskann.leann")
-        builder_diskann = LeannBuilder(backend_name="diskann", **model_args)
+        builder_diskann = LeannBuilder(
+            backend_name="diskann", embedding_model=embedding_model, dimensions=dimensions
+        )
         builder_diskann.add_text("Test document for DiskANN backend")
         builder_diskann.build_index(diskann_path)
         assert Path(diskann_path).parent.exists()