LEANN/benchmarks/laion/README.md

LAION Multimodal Benchmark

A multimodal benchmark for evaluating image retrieval and generation performance using LEANN with CLIP embeddings and Qwen2.5-VL for multimodal generation on LAION dataset subset.

Overview

This benchmark evaluates:

• Image retrieval timing using caption-based queries
• Recall@K performance for image search
• Complexity analysis across different search parameters
• Index size and storage efficiency
• Multimodal generation with Qwen2.5-VL for image understanding and description

Dataset Configuration

• Dataset: LAION-400M subset (10,000 images)
• Embeddings: Pre-computed CLIP ViT-B/32 (512 dimensions)
• Queries: 200 random captions from the dataset
• Ground Truth: Self-recall (query caption → original image)

Quick Start

1. Setup the benchmark

cd benchmarks/laion
python setup_laion.py --num-samples 10000 --num-queries 200

This will:

• Create dummy LAION data (10K samples)
• Generate CLIP embeddings (512-dim)
• Build LEANN index with HNSW backend
• Create 200 evaluation queries

2. Run evaluation

# Run all evaluation stages
python evaluate_laion.py --index data/laion_index.leann

# Run specific stages
python evaluate_laion.py --index data/laion_index.leann --stage 2  # Recall evaluation
python evaluate_laion.py --index data/laion_index.leann --stage 3  # Complexity analysis
python evaluate_laion.py --index data/laion_index.leann --stage 4  # Index comparison
python evaluate_laion.py --index data/laion_index.leann --stage 5  # Multimodal generation

# Multimodal generation with Qwen2.5-VL
python evaluate_laion.py --index data/laion_index.leann --stage 5 --model-name Qwen/Qwen2.5-VL-7B-Instruct

3. Save results

python evaluate_laion.py --index data/laion_index.leann --output results.json

Configuration Options

Setup Options

python setup_laion.py \
  --num-samples 10000 \
  --num-queries 200 \
  --index-path data/laion_index.leann \
  --backend hnsw

Evaluation Options

python evaluate_laion.py \
  --index data/laion_index.leann \
  --queries data/evaluation_queries.jsonl \
  --complexity 64 \
  --top-k 3 \
  --num-samples 100 \
  --stage all

Evaluation Stages

Stage 2: Recall Evaluation

• Evaluates Recall@3 for multimodal retrieval
• Compares LEANN vs FAISS baseline performance
• Self-recall: query caption should retrieve original image

Stage 3: Complexity Analysis

• Binary search for optimal complexity (90% recall target)
• Tests performance across different complexity levels
• Analyzes speed vs. accuracy tradeoffs

Stage 4: Index Comparison

• Compares compact vs non-compact index sizes
• Measures search performance differences
• Reports storage efficiency and speed ratios

Stage 5: Multimodal Generation

• Uses Qwen2.5-VL for image understanding and description
• Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) with multimodal context
• Measures both search and generation timing

Output Metrics

Timing Metrics

• Average/median/min/max search time
• Standard deviation
• Searches per second
• Latency in milliseconds

Recall Metrics

• Recall@3 percentage for image retrieval
• Number of queries with ground truth

Index Metrics

• Total index size (MB)
• Component breakdown (index, passages, metadata)
• Storage savings (compact vs non-compact)
• Backend and embedding model info

Generation Metrics (Stage 5)

• Average search time per query
• Average generation time per query
• Time distribution (search vs generation)
• Sample multimodal responses
• Model: Qwen2.5-VL performance

Benchmark Results

LEANN-RAG Performance (CLIP ViT-L/14 + Qwen2.5-VL)

Stage 3: Optimal Complexity Analysis

• Optimal Complexity: 85 (achieving 90% Recall@3)
• Binary Search Range: 1-128
• Target Recall: 90%
• Index Type: Non-compact (for fast binary search)

Stage 5: Multimodal Generation Performance (Qwen2.5-VL)

• Total Queries: 20
• Average Search Time: 1.200s per query
• Average Generation Time: 6.558s per query
• Time Distribution: Search 15.5%, Generation 84.5%
• LLM Backend: HuggingFace transformers
• Model: Qwen/Qwen2.5-VL-7B-Instruct
• Optimal Complexity: 85

System Performance:

• Index Size: ~10,000 image embeddings from LAION subset
• Embedding Model: CLIP ViT-L/14 (768 dimensions)
• Backend: HNSW with cosine distance

Example Results

🎯 LAION MULTIMODAL BENCHMARK RESULTS
============================================================

📊 Multimodal Generation Results:
  Total Queries: 20
  Avg Search Time: 1.200s
  Avg Generation Time: 6.558s
  Time Distribution: Search 15.5%, Generation 84.5%
  LLM Backend: HuggingFace transformers
  Model: Qwen/Qwen2.5-VL-7B-Instruct

⚙️ Optimal Complexity Analysis:
  Target Recall: 90%
  Optimal Complexity: 85
  Binary Search Range: 1-128
  Non-compact Index (fast search, no recompute)

🚀 Performance Summary:
  Multimodal RAG: 7.758s total per query
  Search: 15.5% of total time
  Generation: 84.5% of total time

Directory Structure

benchmarks/laion/
├── setup_laion.py           # Setup script
├── evaluate_laion.py        # Evaluation script
├── README.md               # This file
└── data/                   # Generated data
    ├── laion_images/       # Image files (placeholder)
    ├── laion_metadata.jsonl # Image metadata
    ├── laion_passages.jsonl # LEANN passages
    ├── laion_embeddings.npy # CLIP embeddings
    ├── evaluation_queries.jsonl # Evaluation queries
    └── laion_index.leann/  # LEANN index files

Notes

• Current implementation uses dummy data for demonstration
• For real LAION data, implement actual download logic in setup_laion.py
• CLIP embeddings are randomly generated - replace with real CLIP model for production
• Adjust num_samples and num_queries based on available resources
• Consider using --num-samples during evaluation for faster testing