[cli] fix # 81

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yml

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-name: Bug Report
-description: Report a bug in LEANN
-labels: ["bug"]
-
-body:
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: What happened?
-      description: A clear description of the bug
-    validations:
-      required: true
-
-  - type: textarea
-    id: reproduce
-    attributes:
-      label: How to reproduce
-      placeholder: |
-        1. Install with...
-        2. Run command...
-        3. See error
-    validations:
-      required: true
-
-  - type: textarea
-    id: error
-    attributes:
-      label: Error message
-      description: Paste any error messages
-      render: shell
-
-  - type: input
-    id: version
-    attributes:
-      label: LEANN Version
-      placeholder: "0.1.0"
-    validations:
-      required: true
-
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: os
-    attributes:
-      label: Operating System
-      options:
-        - macOS
-        - Linux
-        - Windows
-        - Docker
-    validations:
-      required: true

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-blank_issues_enabled: true
-contact_links:
-  - name: Documentation
-    url: https://github.com/LEANN-RAG/LEANN-RAG/tree/main/docs
-    about: Read the docs first
-  - name: Discussions
-    url: https://github.com/LEANN-RAG/LEANN-RAG/discussions
-    about: Ask questions and share ideas

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yml

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-name: Feature Request
-description: Suggest a new feature for LEANN
-labels: ["enhancement"]
-
-body:
-  - type: textarea
-    id: problem
-    attributes:
-      label: What problem does this solve?
-      description: Describe the problem or need
-    validations:
-      required: true
-
-  - type: textarea
-    id: solution
-    attributes:
-      label: Proposed solution
-      description: How would you like this to work?
-    validations:
-      required: true
-
-  - type: textarea
-    id: example
-    attributes:
-      label: Example usage
-      description: Show how the API might look
-      render: python

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-## What does this PR do?
-
-<!-- Brief description of your changes -->
-
-## Related Issues
-
-Fixes #
-
-## Checklist
-
-- [ ] Tests pass (`uv run pytest`)
-- [ ] Code formatted (`ruff format` and `ruff check`)
-- [ ] Pre-commit hooks pass (`pre-commit run --all-files`)

.github/workflows/build-reusable.yml

@@ -54,17 +54,6 @@ jobs:
             python: '3.12'
           - os: ubuntu-22.04
             python: '3.13'
-          # ARM64 Linux builds
-          - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
-            python: '3.9'
-          - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
-            python: '3.10'
-          - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
-            python: '3.11'
-          - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
-            python: '3.12'
-          - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
-            python: '3.13'
           - os: macos-14
             python: '3.9'
           - os: macos-14
@@ -119,46 +108,13 @@ jobs:
             pkg-config libabsl-dev libaio-dev libprotobuf-dev \
             patchelf
 
-          # Debug: Show system information
+          # Install Intel MKL for DiskANN
-          echo "🔍 System Information:"
+          wget -q https://registrationcenter-download.intel.com/akdlm/IRC_NAS/79153e0f-74d7-45af-b8c2-258941adf58a/intel-onemkl-2025.0.0.940.sh
-          echo "Architecture: $(uname -m)"
+          sudo sh intel-onemkl-2025.0.0.940.sh -a --components intel.oneapi.lin.mkl.devel --action install --eula accept -s
-          echo "OS: $(uname -a)"
+          source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh
-          echo "CPU info: $(lscpu | head -5)"
+          echo "MKLROOT=/opt/intel/oneapi/mkl/latest" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-
+          echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/intel/oneapi/compiler/latest/linux/compiler/lib/intel64_lin" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          # Install math library based on architecture
+          echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/opt/intel/oneapi/mkl/latest/lib/intel64" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          ARCH=$(uname -m)
-          echo "🔍 Setting up math library for architecture: $ARCH"
-
-          if [[ "$ARCH" == "x86_64" ]]; then
-            # Install Intel MKL for DiskANN on x86_64
-            echo "📦 Installing Intel MKL for x86_64..."
-            wget -q https://registrationcenter-download.intel.com/akdlm/IRC_NAS/79153e0f-74d7-45af-b8c2-258941adf58a/intel-onemkl-2025.0.0.940.sh
-            sudo sh intel-onemkl-2025.0.0.940.sh -a --components intel.oneapi.lin.mkl.devel --action install --eula accept -s
-            source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh
-            echo "MKLROOT=/opt/intel/oneapi/mkl/latest" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-            echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/intel/oneapi/compiler/latest/linux/compiler/lib/intel64_lin" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-            echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/opt/intel/oneapi/mkl/latest/lib/intel64" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-            echo "✅ Intel MKL installed for x86_64"
-
-            # Debug: Check MKL installation
-            echo "🔍 MKL Installation Check:"
-            ls -la /opt/intel/oneapi/mkl/latest/ || echo "MKL directory not found"
-            ls -la /opt/intel/oneapi/mkl/latest/lib/ || echo "MKL lib directory not found"
-
-          elif [[ "$ARCH" == "aarch64" ]]; then
-            # Use OpenBLAS for ARM64 (MKL installer not compatible with ARM64)
-            echo "📦 Installing OpenBLAS for ARM64..."
-            sudo apt-get install -y libopenblas-dev liblapack-dev liblapacke-dev
-            echo "✅ OpenBLAS installed for ARM64"
-
-            # Debug: Check OpenBLAS installation
-            echo "🔍 OpenBLAS Installation Check:"
-            dpkg -l | grep openblas || echo "OpenBLAS package not found"
-            ls -la /usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/openblas/ || echo "OpenBLAS directory not found"
-          fi
-
-          # Debug: Show final library paths
-          echo "🔍 Final LD_LIBRARY_PATH: $LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
 
       - name: Install system dependencies (macOS)
         if: runner.os == 'macOS'

.gitignore

@@ -18,12 +18,10 @@ demo/experiment_results/**/*.json
 *.eml
 *.emlx
 *.json
-*.png
 !.vscode/*.json
 *.sh
 *.txt
 !CMakeLists.txt
-!llms.txt
 latency_breakdown*.json
 experiment_results/eval_results/diskann/*.json
 aws/
@@ -102,6 +100,3 @@ CLAUDE.local.md
 .claude/*.local.*
 .claude/local/*
 benchmarks/data/
-
-## multi vector
-apps/multimodal/vision-based-pdf-multi-vector/multi-vector-colpali-native-weaviate.py

.gitmodules

@@ -14,6 +14,3 @@
 [submodule "packages/leann-backend-hnsw/third_party/libzmq"]
 	path = packages/leann-backend-hnsw/third_party/libzmq
 	url = https://github.com/zeromq/libzmq.git
-[submodule "packages/astchunk-leann"]
-	path = packages/astchunk-leann
-	url = https://github.com/yichuan-w/astchunk-leann.git

README.md

@@ -656,19 +656,6 @@ results = searcher.search(
 
 📖 **[Complete Metadata filtering guide →](docs/metadata_filtering.md)**
 
-### 🔍 Grep Search
-
-For exact text matching instead of semantic search, use the `use_grep` parameter:
-
-```python
-# Exact text search
-results = searcher.search("banana‑crocodile", use_grep=True, top_k=1)
-```
-
-**Use cases**: Finding specific code patterns, error messages, function names, or exact phrases where semantic similarity isn't needed.
-
-📖 **[Complete grep search guide →](docs/grep_search.md)**
-
 ## 🏗️ Architecture & How It Works
 
 <p align="center">

apps/chunking/__init__.py

@@ -1,38 +1,16 @@
-"""Unified chunking utilities facade.
+"""
-
+Chunking utilities for LEANN RAG applications.
-This module re-exports the packaged utilities from `leann.chunking_utils` so
+Provides AST-aware and traditional text chunking functionality.
-that both repo apps (importing `chunking`) and installed wheels share one
-single implementation. When running from the repo without installation, it
-adds the `packages/leann-core/src` directory to `sys.path` as a fallback.
 """
 
-import sys
+from .utils import (
-from pathlib import Path
+    CODE_EXTENSIONS,
-
+    create_ast_chunks,
-try:
+    create_text_chunks,
-    from leann.chunking_utils import (
+    create_traditional_chunks,
-        CODE_EXTENSIONS,
+    detect_code_files,
-        create_ast_chunks,
+    get_language_from_extension,
-        create_text_chunks,
+)
-        create_traditional_chunks,
-        detect_code_files,
-        get_language_from_extension,
-    )
-except Exception:  # pragma: no cover - best-effort fallback for dev environment
-    repo_root = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
-    leann_src = repo_root / "packages" / "leann-core" / "src"
-    if leann_src.exists():
-        sys.path.insert(0, str(leann_src))
-        from leann.chunking_utils import (
-            CODE_EXTENSIONS,
-            create_ast_chunks,
-            create_text_chunks,
-            create_traditional_chunks,
-            detect_code_files,
-            get_language_from_extension,
-        )
-    else:
-        raise
 
 __all__ = [
     "CODE_EXTENSIONS",

apps/chunking/utils.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """
 Enhanced chunking utilities with AST-aware code chunking support.
-Packaged within leann-core so installed wheels can import it reliably.
+Provides unified interface for both traditional and AST-based text chunking.
 """
 
 import logging
@@ -22,9 +22,30 @@ CODE_EXTENSIONS = {
     ".jsx": "typescript",
 }
 
+# Default chunk parameters for different content types
+DEFAULT_CHUNK_PARAMS = {
+    "code": {
+        "max_chunk_size": 512,
+        "chunk_overlap": 64,
+    },
+    "text": {
+        "chunk_size": 256,
+        "chunk_overlap": 128,
+    },
+}
+
 
 def detect_code_files(documents, code_extensions=None) -> tuple[list, list]:
-    """Separate documents into code files and regular text files."""
+    """
+    Separate documents into code files and regular text files.
+
+    Args:
+        documents: List of LlamaIndex Document objects
+        code_extensions: Dict mapping file extensions to languages (defaults to CODE_EXTENSIONS)
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple of (code_documents, text_documents)
+    """
     if code_extensions is None:
         code_extensions = CODE_EXTENSIONS
 
@@ -32,10 +53,16 @@ def detect_code_files(documents, code_extensions=None) -> tuple[list, list]:
     text_docs = []
 
     for doc in documents:
-        file_path = doc.metadata.get("file_path", "") or doc.metadata.get("file_name", "")
+        # Get file path from metadata
+        file_path = doc.metadata.get("file_path", "")
+        if not file_path:
+            # Fallback to file_name
+            file_path = doc.metadata.get("file_name", "")
+
         if file_path:
             file_ext = Path(file_path).suffix.lower()
             if file_ext in code_extensions:
+                # Add language info to metadata
                 doc.metadata["language"] = code_extensions[file_ext]
                 doc.metadata["is_code"] = True
                 code_docs.append(doc)
@@ -43,6 +70,7 @@ def detect_code_files(documents, code_extensions=None) -> tuple[list, list]:
                 doc.metadata["is_code"] = False
                 text_docs.append(doc)
         else:
+            # If no file path, treat as text
             doc.metadata["is_code"] = False
             text_docs.append(doc)
 
@@ -51,7 +79,7 @@ def detect_code_files(documents, code_extensions=None) -> tuple[list, list]:
 
 
 def get_language_from_extension(file_path: str) -> Optional[str]:
-    """Return language string from a filename/extension using CODE_EXTENSIONS."""
+    """Get the programming language from file extension."""
     ext = Path(file_path).suffix.lower()
     return CODE_EXTENSIONS.get(ext)
 
@@ -62,26 +90,40 @@ def create_ast_chunks(
     chunk_overlap: int = 64,
     metadata_template: str = "default",
 ) -> list[str]:
-    """Create AST-aware chunks from code documents using astchunk.
+    """
+    Create AST-aware chunks from code documents using astchunk.
 
-    Falls back to traditional chunking if astchunk is unavailable.
+    Args:
+        documents: List of code documents
+        max_chunk_size: Maximum characters per chunk
+        chunk_overlap: Number of AST nodes to overlap between chunks
+        metadata_template: Template for chunk metadata
+
+    Returns:
+        List of text chunks with preserved code structure
     """
     try:
-        from astchunk import ASTChunkBuilder  # optional dependency
+        from astchunk import ASTChunkBuilder
     except ImportError as e:
         logger.error(f"astchunk not available: {e}")
         logger.info("Falling back to traditional chunking for code files")
         return create_traditional_chunks(documents, max_chunk_size, chunk_overlap)
 
     all_chunks = []
+
     for doc in documents:
+        # Get language from metadata (set by detect_code_files)
         language = doc.metadata.get("language")
         if not language:
-            logger.warning("No language detected; falling back to traditional chunking")
+            logger.warning(
-            all_chunks.extend(create_traditional_chunks([doc], max_chunk_size, chunk_overlap))
+                "No language detected for document, falling back to traditional chunking"
+            )
+            traditional_chunks = create_traditional_chunks([doc], max_chunk_size, chunk_overlap)
+            all_chunks.extend(traditional_chunks)
             continue
 
         try:
+            # Configure astchunk
             configs = {
                 "max_chunk_size": max_chunk_size,
                 "language": language,
@@ -89,6 +131,7 @@ def create_ast_chunks(
                 "chunk_overlap": chunk_overlap if chunk_overlap > 0 else 0,
             }
 
+            # Add repository-level metadata if available
             repo_metadata = {
                 "file_path": doc.metadata.get("file_path", ""),
                 "file_name": doc.metadata.get("file_name", ""),
@@ -97,13 +140,17 @@ def create_ast_chunks(
             }
             configs["repo_level_metadata"] = repo_metadata
 
+            # Create chunk builder and process
             chunk_builder = ASTChunkBuilder(**configs)
             code_content = doc.get_content()
+
             if not code_content or not code_content.strip():
                 logger.warning("Empty code content, skipping")
                 continue
 
             chunks = chunk_builder.chunkify(code_content)
+
+            # Extract text content from chunks
             for chunk in chunks:
                 if hasattr(chunk, "text"):
                     chunk_text = chunk.text
@@ -112,6 +159,7 @@ def create_ast_chunks(
                 elif isinstance(chunk, str):
                     chunk_text = chunk
                 else:
+                    # Try to convert to string
                     chunk_text = str(chunk)
 
                 if chunk_text and chunk_text.strip():
@@ -120,10 +168,12 @@ def create_ast_chunks(
             logger.info(
                 f"Created {len(chunks)} AST chunks from {language} file: {doc.metadata.get('file_name', 'unknown')}"
             )
+
         except Exception as e:
             logger.warning(f"AST chunking failed for {language} file: {e}")
             logger.info("Falling back to traditional chunking")
-            all_chunks.extend(create_traditional_chunks([doc], max_chunk_size, chunk_overlap))
+            traditional_chunks = create_traditional_chunks([doc], max_chunk_size, chunk_overlap)
+            all_chunks.extend(traditional_chunks)
 
     return all_chunks
 
@@ -131,10 +181,23 @@ def create_ast_chunks(
 def create_traditional_chunks(
     documents, chunk_size: int = 256, chunk_overlap: int = 128
 ) -> list[str]:
-    """Create traditional text chunks using LlamaIndex SentenceSplitter."""
+    """
+    Create traditional text chunks using LlamaIndex SentenceSplitter.
+
+    Args:
+        documents: List of documents to chunk
+        chunk_size: Size of each chunk in characters
+        chunk_overlap: Overlap between chunks
+
+    Returns:
+        List of text chunks
+    """
+    # Handle invalid chunk_size values
     if chunk_size <= 0:
         logger.warning(f"Invalid chunk_size={chunk_size}, using default value of 256")
         chunk_size = 256
+
+    # Ensure chunk_overlap is not negative and not larger than chunk_size
     if chunk_overlap < 0:
         chunk_overlap = 0
     if chunk_overlap >= chunk_size:
@@ -152,9 +215,12 @@ def create_traditional_chunks(
         try:
             nodes = node_parser.get_nodes_from_documents([doc])
             if nodes:
-                all_texts.extend(node.get_content() for node in nodes)
+                chunk_texts = [node.get_content() for node in nodes]
+                all_texts.extend(chunk_texts)
+                logger.debug(f"Created {len(chunk_texts)} traditional chunks from document")
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error(f"Traditional chunking failed for document: {e}")
+            # As last resort, add the raw content
             content = doc.get_content()
             if content and content.strip():
                 all_texts.append(content.strip())
@@ -172,13 +238,32 @@ def create_text_chunks(
     code_file_extensions: Optional[list[str]] = None,
     ast_fallback_traditional: bool = True,
 ) -> list[str]:
-    """Create text chunks from documents with optional AST support for code files."""
+    """
+    Create text chunks from documents with optional AST support for code files.
+
+    Args:
+        documents: List of LlamaIndex Document objects
+        chunk_size: Size for traditional text chunks
+        chunk_overlap: Overlap for traditional text chunks
+        use_ast_chunking: Whether to use AST chunking for code files
+        ast_chunk_size: Size for AST chunks
+        ast_chunk_overlap: Overlap for AST chunks
+        code_file_extensions: Custom list of code file extensions
+        ast_fallback_traditional: Fall back to traditional chunking on AST errors
+
+    Returns:
+        List of text chunks
+    """
     if not documents:
         logger.warning("No documents provided for chunking")
         return []
 
+    # Create a local copy of supported extensions for this function call
     local_code_extensions = CODE_EXTENSIONS.copy()
+
+    # Update supported extensions if provided
     if code_file_extensions:
+        # Map extensions to languages (simplified mapping)
         ext_mapping = {
             ".py": "python",
             ".java": "java",
@@ -188,32 +273,47 @@ def create_text_chunks(
         }
         for ext in code_file_extensions:
             if ext.lower() not in local_code_extensions:
+                # Try to guess language from extension
                 if ext.lower() in ext_mapping:
                     local_code_extensions[ext.lower()] = ext_mapping[ext.lower()]
                 else:
                     logger.warning(f"Unsupported extension {ext}, will use traditional chunking")
 
     all_chunks = []
+
     if use_ast_chunking:
+        # Separate code and text documents using local extensions
         code_docs, text_docs = detect_code_files(documents, local_code_extensions)
+
+        # Process code files with AST chunking
         if code_docs:
+            logger.info(f"Processing {len(code_docs)} code files with AST chunking")
             try:
-                all_chunks.extend(
+                ast_chunks = create_ast_chunks(
-                    create_ast_chunks(
+                    code_docs, max_chunk_size=ast_chunk_size, chunk_overlap=ast_chunk_overlap
-                        code_docs, max_chunk_size=ast_chunk_size, chunk_overlap=ast_chunk_overlap
-                    )
                 )
+                all_chunks.extend(ast_chunks)
+                logger.info(f"Created {len(ast_chunks)} AST chunks from code files")
             except Exception as e:
                 logger.error(f"AST chunking failed: {e}")
                 if ast_fallback_traditional:
-                    all_chunks.extend(
+                    logger.info("Falling back to traditional chunking for code files")
-                        create_traditional_chunks(code_docs, chunk_size, chunk_overlap)
+                    traditional_code_chunks = create_traditional_chunks(
+                        code_docs, chunk_size, chunk_overlap
                     )
+                    all_chunks.extend(traditional_code_chunks)
                 else:
                     raise
+
+        # Process text files with traditional chunking
         if text_docs:
-            all_chunks.extend(create_traditional_chunks(text_docs, chunk_size, chunk_overlap))
+            logger.info(f"Processing {len(text_docs)} text files with traditional chunking")
+            text_chunks = create_traditional_chunks(text_docs, chunk_size, chunk_overlap)
+            all_chunks.extend(text_chunks)
+            logger.info(f"Created {len(text_chunks)} traditional chunks from text files")
     else:
+        # Use traditional chunking for all files
+        logger.info(f"Processing {len(documents)} documents with traditional chunking")
         all_chunks = create_traditional_chunks(documents, chunk_size, chunk_overlap)
 
     logger.info(f"Total chunks created: {len(all_chunks)}")

apps/history_data/history.py

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class ChromeHistoryReader(BaseReader):
                 if count >= max_count and max_count > 0:
                     break
 
-                last_visit, url, title, visit_count, typed_count, _hidden = row
+                last_visit, url, title, visit_count, typed_count, hidden = row
 
                 # Create document content with metadata embedded in text
                 doc_content = f"""

apps/multimodal/vision-based-pdf-multi-vector/leann_multi_vector.py

@@ -1,182 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import sys
-from pathlib import Path
-
-import numpy as np
-
-
-def _ensure_repo_paths_importable(current_file: str) -> None:
-    _repo_root = Path(current_file).resolve().parents[3]
-    _leann_core_src = _repo_root / "packages" / "leann-core" / "src"
-    _leann_hnsw_pkg = _repo_root / "packages" / "leann-backend-hnsw"
-    if str(_leann_core_src) not in sys.path:
-        sys.path.append(str(_leann_core_src))
-    if str(_leann_hnsw_pkg) not in sys.path:
-        sys.path.append(str(_leann_hnsw_pkg))
-
-
-_ensure_repo_paths_importable(__file__)
-
-from leann_backend_hnsw.hnsw_backend import HNSWBuilder, HNSWSearcher  # noqa: E402
-
-
-class LeannMultiVector:
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        index_path: str,
-        dim: int = 128,
-        distance_metric: str = "mips",
-        m: int = 16,
-        ef_construction: int = 500,
-        is_compact: bool = False,
-        is_recompute: bool = False,
-        embedding_model_name: str = "colvision",
-    ) -> None:
-        self.index_path = index_path
-        self.dim = dim
-        self.embedding_model_name = embedding_model_name
-        self._pending_items: list[dict] = []
-        self._backend_kwargs = {
-            "distance_metric": distance_metric,
-            "M": m,
-            "efConstruction": ef_construction,
-            "is_compact": is_compact,
-            "is_recompute": is_recompute,
-        }
-        self._labels_meta: list[dict] = []
-
-    def _meta_dict(self) -> dict:
-        return {
-            "version": "1.0",
-            "backend_name": "hnsw",
-            "embedding_model": self.embedding_model_name,
-            "embedding_mode": "custom",
-            "dimensions": self.dim,
-            "backend_kwargs": self._backend_kwargs,
-            "is_compact": self._backend_kwargs.get("is_compact", True),
-            "is_pruned": self._backend_kwargs.get("is_compact", True)
-            and self._backend_kwargs.get("is_recompute", True),
-        }
-
-    def create_collection(self) -> None:
-        path = Path(self.index_path)
-        path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-
-    def insert(self, data: dict) -> None:
-        self._pending_items.append(
-            {
-                "doc_id": int(data["doc_id"]),
-                "filepath": data.get("filepath", ""),
-                "colbert_vecs": [np.asarray(v, dtype=np.float32) for v in data["colbert_vecs"]],
-            }
-        )
-
-    def _labels_path(self) -> Path:
-        index_path_obj = Path(self.index_path)
-        return index_path_obj.parent / f"{index_path_obj.name}.labels.json"
-
-    def _meta_path(self) -> Path:
-        index_path_obj = Path(self.index_path)
-        return index_path_obj.parent / f"{index_path_obj.name}.meta.json"
-
-    def create_index(self) -> None:
-        if not self._pending_items:
-            return
-
-        embeddings: list[np.ndarray] = []
-        labels_meta: list[dict] = []
-
-        for item in self._pending_items:
-            doc_id = int(item["doc_id"])
-            filepath = item.get("filepath", "")
-            colbert_vecs = item["colbert_vecs"]
-            for seq_id, vec in enumerate(colbert_vecs):
-                vec_np = np.asarray(vec, dtype=np.float32)
-                embeddings.append(vec_np)
-                labels_meta.append(
-                    {
-                        "id": f"{doc_id}:{seq_id}",
-                        "doc_id": doc_id,
-                        "seq_id": int(seq_id),
-                        "filepath": filepath,
-                    }
-                )
-
-        if not embeddings:
-            return
-
-        embeddings_np = np.vstack(embeddings).astype(np.float32)
-        # print shape of embeddings_np
-        print(embeddings_np.shape)
-
-        builder = HNSWBuilder(**{**self._backend_kwargs, "dimensions": self.dim})
-        ids = [str(i) for i in range(embeddings_np.shape[0])]
-        builder.build(embeddings_np, ids, self.index_path)
-
-        import json as _json
-
-        with open(self._meta_path(), "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-            _json.dump(self._meta_dict(), f, indent=2)
-        with open(self._labels_path(), "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-            _json.dump(labels_meta, f)
-
-        self._labels_meta = labels_meta
-
-    def _load_labels_meta_if_needed(self) -> None:
-        if self._labels_meta:
-            return
-        labels_path = self._labels_path()
-        if labels_path.exists():
-            import json as _json
-
-            with open(labels_path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
-                self._labels_meta = _json.load(f)
-
-    def search(
-        self, data: np.ndarray, topk: int, first_stage_k: int = 50
-    ) -> list[tuple[float, int]]:
-        if data.ndim == 1:
-            data = data.reshape(1, -1)
-        if data.dtype != np.float32:
-            data = data.astype(np.float32)
-
-        self._load_labels_meta_if_needed()
-
-        searcher = HNSWSearcher(self.index_path, meta=self._meta_dict())
-        raw = searcher.search(
-            data,
-            first_stage_k,
-            recompute_embeddings=False,
-            complexity=128,
-            beam_width=1,
-            prune_ratio=0.0,
-            batch_size=0,
-        )
-
-        labels = raw.get("labels")
-        distances = raw.get("distances")
-        if labels is None or distances is None:
-            return []
-
-        doc_scores: dict[int, float] = {}
-        B = len(labels)
-        for b in range(B):
-            per_doc_best: dict[int, float] = {}
-            for k, sid in enumerate(labels[b]):
-                try:
-                    idx = int(sid)
-                except Exception:
-                    continue
-                if 0 <= idx < len(self._labels_meta):
-                    doc_id = int(self._labels_meta[idx]["doc_id"])  # type: ignore[index]
-                else:
-                    continue
-                score = float(distances[b][k])
-                if (doc_id not in per_doc_best) or (score > per_doc_best[doc_id]):
-                    per_doc_best[doc_id] = score
-            for doc_id, best_score in per_doc_best.items():
-                doc_scores[doc_id] = doc_scores.get(doc_id, 0.0) + best_score
-
-        scores = sorted(((v, k) for k, v in doc_scores.items()), key=lambda x: x[0], reverse=True)
-        return scores[:topk] if len(scores) >= topk else scores

apps/multimodal/vision-based-pdf-multi-vector/multi-vector-leann-similarity-map.py

@@ -1,477 +0,0 @@
-## Jupyter-style notebook script
-# %%
-# uv pip install matplotlib qwen_vl_utils
-import os
-import re
-import sys
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Optional, cast
-
-from PIL import Image
-from tqdm import tqdm
-
-
-def _ensure_repo_paths_importable(current_file: str) -> None:
-    """Make local leann packages importable without installing (mirrors multi-vector-leann.py)."""
-    _repo_root = Path(current_file).resolve().parents[3]
-    _leann_core_src = _repo_root / "packages" / "leann-core" / "src"
-    _leann_hnsw_pkg = _repo_root / "packages" / "leann-backend-hnsw"
-    if str(_leann_core_src) not in sys.path:
-        sys.path.append(str(_leann_core_src))
-    if str(_leann_hnsw_pkg) not in sys.path:
-        sys.path.append(str(_leann_hnsw_pkg))
-
-
-_ensure_repo_paths_importable(__file__)
-
-from leann_multi_vector import LeannMultiVector  # noqa: E402
-
-# %%
-# Config
-os.environ["TOKENIZERS_PARALLELISM"] = "false"
-QUERY = "How does DeepSeek-V2 compare against the LLaMA family of LLMs?"
-MODEL: str = "colqwen2"  # "colpali" or "colqwen2"
-
-# Data source: set to True to use the Hugging Face dataset example (recommended)
-USE_HF_DATASET: bool = True
-DATASET_NAME: str = "weaviate/arXiv-AI-papers-multi-vector"
-DATASET_SPLIT: str = "train"
-MAX_DOCS: Optional[int] = None  # limit number of pages to index; None = all
-
-# Local pages (used when USE_HF_DATASET == False)
-PDF: Optional[str] = None  # e.g., "./pdfs/2004.12832v2.pdf"
-PAGES_DIR: str = "./pages"
-
-# Index + retrieval settings
-INDEX_PATH: str = "./indexes/colvision.leann"
-TOPK: int = 1
-FIRST_STAGE_K: int = 500
-REBUILD_INDEX: bool = False
-
-# Artifacts
-SAVE_TOP_IMAGE: Optional[str] = "./figures/retrieved_page.png"
-SIMILARITY_MAP: bool = True
-SIM_TOKEN_IDX: int = 13  # -1 means auto-select the most salient token
-SIM_OUTPUT: str = "./figures/similarity_map.png"
-ANSWER: bool = True
-MAX_NEW_TOKENS: int = 128
-
-
-# %%
-# Helpers
-def _natural_sort_key(name: str) -> int:
-    m = re.search(r"\d+", name)
-    return int(m.group()) if m else 0
-
-
-def _load_images_from_dir(pages_dir: str) -> tuple[list[str], list[Image.Image]]:
-    filenames = [n for n in os.listdir(pages_dir) if n.lower().endswith((".png", ".jpg", ".jpeg"))]
-    filenames = sorted(filenames, key=_natural_sort_key)
-    filepaths = [os.path.join(pages_dir, n) for n in filenames]
-    images = [Image.open(p) for p in filepaths]
-    return filepaths, images
-
-
-def _maybe_convert_pdf_to_images(pdf_path: Optional[str], pages_dir: str, dpi: int = 200) -> None:
-    if not pdf_path:
-        return
-    os.makedirs(pages_dir, exist_ok=True)
-    try:
-        from pdf2image import convert_from_path
-    except Exception as e:
-        raise RuntimeError(
-            "pdf2image is required to convert PDF to images. Install via pip install pdf2image"
-        ) from e
-    images = convert_from_path(pdf_path, dpi=dpi)
-    for i, image in enumerate(images):
-        image.save(os.path.join(pages_dir, f"page_{i + 1}.png"), "PNG")
-
-
-def _select_device_and_dtype():
-    import torch
-    from colpali_engine.utils.torch_utils import get_torch_device
-
-    device_str = (
-        "cuda"
-        if torch.cuda.is_available()
-        else (
-            "mps"
-            if getattr(torch.backends, "mps", None) and torch.backends.mps.is_available()
-            else "cpu"
-        )
-    )
-    device = get_torch_device(device_str)
-    # Stable dtype selection to avoid NaNs:
-    # - CUDA: prefer bfloat16 if supported, else float16
-    # - MPS: use float32 (fp16 on MPS can produce NaNs in some ops)
-    # - CPU: float32
-    if device_str == "cuda":
-        dtype = torch.bfloat16 if torch.cuda.is_bf16_supported() else torch.float16
-        try:
-            torch.backends.cuda.matmul.allow_tf32 = True  # Better stability/perf on Ampere+
-        except Exception:
-            pass
-    elif device_str == "mps":
-        dtype = torch.float32
-    else:
-        dtype = torch.float32
-    return device_str, device, dtype
-
-
-def _load_colvision(model_choice: str):
-    import torch
-    from colpali_engine.models import ColPali, ColQwen2, ColQwen2Processor
-    from colpali_engine.models.paligemma.colpali.processing_colpali import ColPaliProcessor
-    from transformers.utils.import_utils import is_flash_attn_2_available
-
-    device_str, device, dtype = _select_device_and_dtype()
-
-    if model_choice == "colqwen2":
-        model_name = "vidore/colqwen2-v1.0"
-        # On CPU/MPS we must avoid flash-attn and stay eager; on CUDA prefer flash-attn if available
-        attn_implementation = (
-            "flash_attention_2"
-            if (device_str == "cuda" and is_flash_attn_2_available())
-            else "eager"
-        )
-        model = ColQwen2.from_pretrained(
-            model_name,
-            torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
-            device_map=device,
-            attn_implementation=attn_implementation,
-        ).eval()
-        processor = ColQwen2Processor.from_pretrained(model_name)
-    else:
-        model_name = "vidore/colpali-v1.2"
-        model = ColPali.from_pretrained(
-            model_name,
-            torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
-            device_map=device,
-        ).eval()
-        processor = cast(ColPaliProcessor, ColPaliProcessor.from_pretrained(model_name))
-
-    return model_name, model, processor, device_str, device, dtype
-
-
-def _embed_images(model, processor, images: list[Image.Image]) -> list[Any]:
-    import torch
-    from colpali_engine.utils.torch_utils import ListDataset
-    from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
-
-    # Ensure deterministic eval and autocast for stability
-    model.eval()
-
-    dataloader = DataLoader(
-        dataset=ListDataset[Image.Image](images),
-        batch_size=1,
-        shuffle=False,
-        collate_fn=lambda x: processor.process_images(x),
-    )
-
-    doc_vecs: list[Any] = []
-    for batch_doc in dataloader:
-        with torch.no_grad():
-            batch_doc = {k: v.to(model.device) for k, v in batch_doc.items()}
-            # autocast on CUDA for bf16/fp16; on CPU/MPS stay in fp32
-            if model.device.type == "cuda":
-                with torch.autocast(
-                    device_type="cuda",
-                    dtype=model.dtype if model.dtype.is_floating_point else torch.bfloat16,
-                ):
-                    embeddings_doc = model(**batch_doc)
-            else:
-                embeddings_doc = model(**batch_doc)
-        doc_vecs.extend(list(torch.unbind(embeddings_doc.to("cpu"))))
-    return doc_vecs
-
-
-def _embed_queries(model, processor, queries: list[str]) -> list[Any]:
-    import torch
-    from colpali_engine.utils.torch_utils import ListDataset
-    from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
-
-    model.eval()
-
-    dataloader = DataLoader(
-        dataset=ListDataset[str](queries),
-        batch_size=1,
-        shuffle=False,
-        collate_fn=lambda x: processor.process_queries(x),
-    )
-
-    q_vecs: list[Any] = []
-    for batch_query in dataloader:
-        with torch.no_grad():
-            batch_query = {k: v.to(model.device) for k, v in batch_query.items()}
-            if model.device.type == "cuda":
-                with torch.autocast(
-                    device_type="cuda",
-                    dtype=model.dtype if model.dtype.is_floating_point else torch.bfloat16,
-                ):
-                    embeddings_query = model(**batch_query)
-            else:
-                embeddings_query = model(**batch_query)
-        q_vecs.extend(list(torch.unbind(embeddings_query.to("cpu"))))
-    return q_vecs
-
-
-def _build_index(index_path: str, doc_vecs: list[Any], filepaths: list[str]) -> LeannMultiVector:
-    dim = int(doc_vecs[0].shape[-1])
-    retriever = LeannMultiVector(index_path=index_path, dim=dim)
-    retriever.create_collection()
-    for i, vec in enumerate(doc_vecs):
-        data = {
-            "colbert_vecs": vec.float().numpy(),
-            "doc_id": i,
-            "filepath": filepaths[i],
-        }
-        retriever.insert(data)
-    retriever.create_index()
-    return retriever
-
-
-def _load_retriever_if_index_exists(index_path: str, dim: int) -> Optional[LeannMultiVector]:
-    index_base = Path(index_path)
-    # Rough heuristic: index dir exists AND meta+labels files exist
-    meta = index_base.parent / f"{index_base.name}.meta.json"
-    labels = index_base.parent / f"{index_base.name}.labels.json"
-    if index_base.exists() and meta.exists() and labels.exists():
-        return LeannMultiVector(index_path=index_path, dim=dim)
-    return None
-
-
-def _generate_similarity_map(
-    model,
-    processor,
-    image: Image.Image,
-    query: str,
-    token_idx: Optional[int] = None,
-    output_path: Optional[str] = None,
-) -> tuple[int, float]:
-    import torch
-    from colpali_engine.interpretability import (
-        get_similarity_maps_from_embeddings,
-        plot_similarity_map,
-    )
-
-    batch_images = processor.process_images([image]).to(model.device)
-    batch_queries = processor.process_queries([query]).to(model.device)
-
-    with torch.no_grad():
-        image_embeddings = model.forward(**batch_images)
-        query_embeddings = model.forward(**batch_queries)
-
-    n_patches = processor.get_n_patches(
-        image_size=image.size,
-        spatial_merge_size=getattr(model, "spatial_merge_size", None),
-    )
-    image_mask = processor.get_image_mask(batch_images)
-
-    batched_similarity_maps = get_similarity_maps_from_embeddings(
-        image_embeddings=image_embeddings,
-        query_embeddings=query_embeddings,
-        n_patches=n_patches,
-        image_mask=image_mask,
-    )
-
-    similarity_maps = batched_similarity_maps[0]
-
-    # Determine token index if not provided: choose the token with highest max score
-    if token_idx is None:
-        per_token_max = similarity_maps.view(similarity_maps.shape[0], -1).max(dim=1).values
-        token_idx = int(per_token_max.argmax().item())
-
-    max_sim_score = similarity_maps[token_idx, :, :].max().item()
-
-    if output_path:
-        import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
-
-        fig, ax = plot_similarity_map(
-            image=image,
-            similarity_map=similarity_maps[token_idx],
-            figsize=(14, 14),
-            show_colorbar=False,
-        )
-        ax.set_title(f"Token #{token_idx}. MaxSim score: {max_sim_score:.2f}", fontsize=12)
-        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(output_path), exist_ok=True)
-        plt.savefig(output_path, bbox_inches="tight")
-        plt.close(fig)
-
-    return token_idx, float(max_sim_score)
-
-
-class QwenVL:
-    def __init__(self, device: str):
-        from transformers import AutoProcessor, Qwen2_5_VLForConditionalGeneration
-        from transformers.utils.import_utils import is_flash_attn_2_available
-
-        attn_implementation = "flash_attention_2" if is_flash_attn_2_available() else "eager"
-        self.model = Qwen2_5_VLForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained(
-            "Qwen/Qwen2.5-VL-3B-Instruct",
-            torch_dtype="auto",
-            device_map=device,
-            attn_implementation=attn_implementation,
-        )
-
-        min_pixels = 256 * 28 * 28
-        max_pixels = 1280 * 28 * 28
-        self.processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(
-            "Qwen/Qwen2.5-VL-3B-Instruct", min_pixels=min_pixels, max_pixels=max_pixels
-        )
-
-    def answer(self, query: str, images: list[Image.Image], max_new_tokens: int = 128) -> str:
-        import base64
-        from io import BytesIO
-
-        from qwen_vl_utils import process_vision_info
-
-        content = []
-        for img in images:
-            buffer = BytesIO()
-            img.save(buffer, format="jpeg")
-            img_base64 = base64.b64encode(buffer.getvalue()).decode("utf-8")
-            content.append({"type": "image", "image": f"data:image;base64,{img_base64}"})
-        content.append({"type": "text", "text": query})
-        messages = [{"role": "user", "content": content}]
-
-        text = self.processor.apply_chat_template(
-            messages, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True
-        )
-        image_inputs, video_inputs = process_vision_info(messages)
-        inputs = self.processor(
-            text=[text], images=image_inputs, videos=video_inputs, padding=True, return_tensors="pt"
-        )
-        inputs = inputs.to(self.model.device)
-
-        generated_ids = self.model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens)
-        generated_ids_trimmed = [
-            out_ids[len(in_ids) :] for in_ids, out_ids in zip(inputs.input_ids, generated_ids)
-        ]
-        return self.processor.batch_decode(
-            generated_ids_trimmed, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=False
-        )[0]
-
-
-# %%
-
-# Step 1: Prepare data
-if USE_HF_DATASET:
-    from datasets import load_dataset
-
-    dataset = load_dataset(DATASET_NAME, split=DATASET_SPLIT)
-    N = len(dataset) if MAX_DOCS is None else min(MAX_DOCS, len(dataset))
-    filepaths: list[str] = []
-    images: list[Image.Image] = []
-    for i in tqdm(range(N), desc="Loading dataset"):
-        p = dataset[i]
-        # Compose a descriptive identifier for printing later
-        identifier = f"arXiv:{p['paper_arxiv_id']}|title:{p['paper_title']}|page:{int(p['page_number'])}|id:{p['page_id']}"
-        print(identifier)
-        filepaths.append(identifier)
-        images.append(p["page_image"])  # PIL Image
-else:
-    _maybe_convert_pdf_to_images(PDF, PAGES_DIR)
-    filepaths, images = _load_images_from_dir(PAGES_DIR)
-    if not images:
-        raise RuntimeError(
-            f"No images found in {PAGES_DIR}. Provide PDF path in PDF variable or ensure images exist."
-        )
-
-
-# %%
-# Step 2: Load model and processor
-model_name, model, processor, device_str, device, dtype = _load_colvision(MODEL)
-print(f"Using model={model_name}, device={device_str}, dtype={dtype}")
-
-
-# %%
-
-# %%
-# Step 3: Build or load index
-retriever: Optional[LeannMultiVector] = None
-if not REBUILD_INDEX:
-    try:
-        one_vec = _embed_images(model, processor, [images[0]])[0]
-        retriever = _load_retriever_if_index_exists(INDEX_PATH, dim=int(one_vec.shape[-1]))
-    except Exception:
-        retriever = None
-
-if retriever is None:
-    doc_vecs = _embed_images(model, processor, images)
-    retriever = _build_index(INDEX_PATH, doc_vecs, filepaths)
-
-
-# %%
-# Step 4: Embed query and search
-q_vec = _embed_queries(model, processor, [QUERY])[0]
-results = retriever.search(q_vec.float().numpy(), topk=TOPK, first_stage_k=FIRST_STAGE_K)
-if not results:
-    print("No results found.")
-else:
-    print(f'Top {len(results)} results for query: "{QUERY}"')
-    top_images: list[Image.Image] = []
-    for rank, (score, doc_id) in enumerate(results, start=1):
-        path = filepaths[doc_id]
-        # For HF dataset, path is a descriptive identifier, not a real file path
-        print(f"{rank}) MaxSim: {score:.4f}, Page: {path}")
-        top_images.append(images[doc_id])
-
-    if SAVE_TOP_IMAGE:
-        from pathlib import Path as _Path
-
-        base = _Path(SAVE_TOP_IMAGE)
-        base.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-        for rank, img in enumerate(top_images[:TOPK], start=1):
-            if base.suffix:
-                out_path = base.parent / f"{base.stem}_rank{rank}{base.suffix}"
-            else:
-                out_path = base / f"retrieved_page_rank{rank}.png"
-            img.save(str(out_path))
-            print(f"Saved retrieved page (rank {rank}) to: {out_path}")
-
-## TODO stange results of second page of DeepSeek-V2 rather than the first page
-
-# %%
-# Step 5: Similarity maps for top-K results
-if results and SIMILARITY_MAP:
-    token_idx = None if SIM_TOKEN_IDX < 0 else int(SIM_TOKEN_IDX)
-    from pathlib import Path as _Path
-
-    output_base = _Path(SIM_OUTPUT) if SIM_OUTPUT else None
-    for rank, img in enumerate(top_images[:TOPK], start=1):
-        if output_base:
-            if output_base.suffix:
-                out_dir = output_base.parent
-                out_name = f"{output_base.stem}_rank{rank}{output_base.suffix}"
-                out_path = str(out_dir / out_name)
-            else:
-                out_dir = output_base
-                out_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-                out_path = str(out_dir / f"similarity_map_rank{rank}.png")
-        else:
-            out_path = None
-        chosen_idx, max_sim = _generate_similarity_map(
-            model=model,
-            processor=processor,
-            image=img,
-            query=QUERY,
-            token_idx=token_idx,
-            output_path=out_path,
-        )
-        if out_path:
-            print(
-                f"Saved similarity map for rank {rank}, token #{chosen_idx} (max={max_sim:.2f}) to: {out_path}"
-            )
-        else:
-            print(
-                f"Computed similarity map for rank {rank}, token #{chosen_idx} (max={max_sim:.2f})"
-            )
-
-
-# %%
-# Step 6: Optional answer generation
-if results and ANSWER:
-    qwen = QwenVL(device=device_str)
-    response = qwen.answer(QUERY, top_images[:TOPK], max_new_tokens=MAX_NEW_TOKENS)
-    print("\nAnswer:")
-    print(response)

apps/multimodal/vision-based-pdf-multi-vector/multi-vector-leann.py

@@ -1,134 +0,0 @@
-# pip install pdf2image
-# pip install pymilvus
-# pip install colpali_engine
-# pip install tqdm
-# pip install pillow
-
-# %%
-from pdf2image import convert_from_path
-
-pdf_path = "pdfs/2004.12832v2.pdf"
-images = convert_from_path(pdf_path)
-
-for i, image in enumerate(images):
-    image.save(f"pages/page_{i + 1}.png", "PNG")
-
-# %%
-import os
-from pathlib import Path
-
-# Make local leann packages importable without installing
-_repo_root = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[3]
-_leann_core_src = _repo_root / "packages" / "leann-core" / "src"
-_leann_hnsw_pkg = _repo_root / "packages" / "leann-backend-hnsw"
-import sys
-
-if str(_leann_core_src) not in sys.path:
-    sys.path.append(str(_leann_core_src))
-if str(_leann_hnsw_pkg) not in sys.path:
-    sys.path.append(str(_leann_hnsw_pkg))
-
-from leann_multi_vector import LeannMultiVector
-
-
-class LeannRetriever(LeannMultiVector):
-    pass
-
-
-# %%
-from typing import cast
-
-import torch
-from colpali_engine.models import ColPali
-from colpali_engine.models.paligemma.colpali.processing_colpali import ColPaliProcessor
-from colpali_engine.utils.torch_utils import ListDataset, get_torch_device
-from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
-
-# Auto-select device: CUDA > MPS (mac) > CPU
-_device_str = (
-    "cuda"
-    if torch.cuda.is_available()
-    else (
-        "mps"
-        if getattr(torch.backends, "mps", None) and torch.backends.mps.is_available()
-        else "cpu"
-    )
-)
-device = get_torch_device(_device_str)
-# Prefer fp16 on GPU/MPS, bfloat16 on CPU
-_dtype = torch.float16 if _device_str in ("cuda", "mps") else torch.bfloat16
-model_name = "vidore/colpali-v1.2"
-
-model = ColPali.from_pretrained(
-    model_name,
-    torch_dtype=_dtype,
-    device_map=device,
-).eval()
-print(f"Using device={_device_str}, dtype={_dtype}")
-
-queries = [
-    "How to end-to-end retrieval with ColBert",
-    "Where is ColBERT performance Table, including text representation results?",
-]
-
-processor = cast(ColPaliProcessor, ColPaliProcessor.from_pretrained(model_name))
-
-dataloader = DataLoader(
-    dataset=ListDataset[str](queries),
-    batch_size=1,
-    shuffle=False,
-    collate_fn=lambda x: processor.process_queries(x),
-)
-
-qs: list[torch.Tensor] = []
-for batch_query in dataloader:
-    with torch.no_grad():
-        batch_query = {k: v.to(model.device) for k, v in batch_query.items()}
-        embeddings_query = model(**batch_query)
-    qs.extend(list(torch.unbind(embeddings_query.to("cpu"))))
-print(qs[0].shape)
-# %%
-
-
-import re
-
-from PIL import Image
-from tqdm import tqdm
-
-page_filenames = sorted(os.listdir("./pages"), key=lambda n: int(re.search(r"\d+", n).group()))
-images = [Image.open(os.path.join("./pages", name)) for name in page_filenames]
-
-dataloader = DataLoader(
-    dataset=ListDataset[str](images),
-    batch_size=1,
-    shuffle=False,
-    collate_fn=lambda x: processor.process_images(x),
-)
-
-ds: list[torch.Tensor] = []
-for batch_doc in tqdm(dataloader):
-    with torch.no_grad():
-        batch_doc = {k: v.to(model.device) for k, v in batch_doc.items()}
-        embeddings_doc = model(**batch_doc)
-    ds.extend(list(torch.unbind(embeddings_doc.to("cpu"))))
-
-print(ds[0].shape)
-
-# %%
-# Build HNSW index via LeannRetriever primitives and run search
-index_path = "./indexes/colpali.leann"
-retriever = LeannRetriever(index_path=index_path, dim=int(ds[0].shape[-1]))
-retriever.create_collection()
-filepaths = [os.path.join("./pages", name) for name in page_filenames]
-for i in range(len(filepaths)):
-    data = {
-        "colbert_vecs": ds[i].float().numpy(),
-        "doc_id": i,
-        "filepath": filepaths[i],
-    }
-    retriever.insert(data)
-retriever.create_index()
-for query in qs:
-    query_np = query.float().numpy()
-    result = retriever.search(query_np, topk=1)
-    print(filepaths[result[0][1]])

docs/ast_chunking_guide.md

@@ -26,21 +26,6 @@ leann build my-code-index --docs ./src --use-ast-chunking
 uv pip install -e "."
 ```
 
-#### For normal users (PyPI install)
-- Use `pip install leann` or `uv pip install leann`.
-- `astchunk` is pulled automatically from PyPI as a dependency; no extra steps.
-
-#### For developers (from source, editable)
-```bash
-git clone https://github.com/yichuan-w/LEANN.git leann
-cd leann
-git submodule update --init --recursive
-uv sync
-```
-- This repo vendors `astchunk` as a git submodule at `packages/astchunk-leann` (our fork).
-- `[tool.uv.sources]` maps the `astchunk` package to that path in editable mode.
-- You can edit code under `packages/astchunk-leann` and Python will use your changes immediately (no separate `pip install astchunk` needed).
-
 ## Best Practices
 
 ### When to Use AST Chunking

docs/grep_search.md

@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
-# LEANN Grep Search Usage Guide
-
-## Overview
-
-LEANN's grep search functionality provides exact text matching for finding specific code patterns, error messages, function names, or exact phrases in your indexed documents.
-
-## Basic Usage
-
-### Simple Grep Search
-
-```python
-from leann.api import LeannSearcher
-
-searcher = LeannSearcher("your_index_path")
-
-# Exact text search
-results = searcher.search("def authenticate_user", use_grep=True, top_k=5)
-
-for result in results:
-    print(f"Score: {result.score}")
-    print(f"Text: {result.text[:100]}...")
-    print("-" * 40)
-```
-
-### Comparison: Semantic vs Grep Search
-
-```python
-# Semantic search - finds conceptually similar content
-semantic_results = searcher.search("machine learning algorithms", top_k=3)
-
-# Grep search - finds exact text matches
-grep_results = searcher.search("def train_model", use_grep=True, top_k=3)
-```
-
-## When to Use Grep Search
-
-### Use Cases
-
-- **Code Search**: Finding specific function definitions, class names, or variable references
-- **Error Debugging**: Locating exact error messages or stack traces
-- **Documentation**: Finding specific API endpoints or exact terminology
-
-### Examples
-
-```python
-# Find function definitions
-functions = searcher.search("def __init__", use_grep=True)
-
-# Find import statements
-imports = searcher.search("from sklearn import", use_grep=True)
-
-# Find specific error types
-errors = searcher.search("FileNotFoundError", use_grep=True)
-
-# Find TODO comments
-todos = searcher.search("TODO:", use_grep=True)
-
-# Find configuration entries
-configs = searcher.search("server_port=", use_grep=True)
-```
-
-## Technical Details
-
-### How It Works
-
-1. **File Location**: Grep search operates on the raw text stored in `.jsonl` files
-2. **Command Execution**: Uses the system `grep` command with case-insensitive search
-3. **Result Processing**: Parses JSON lines and extracts text and metadata
-4. **Scoring**: Simple frequency-based scoring based on query term occurrences
-
-### Search Process
-
-```
-Query: "def train_model"
-  ↓
-grep -i -n "def train_model" documents.leann.passages.jsonl
-  ↓
-Parse matching JSON lines
-  ↓
-Calculate scores based on term frequency
-  ↓
-Return top_k results
-```
-
-### Scoring Algorithm
-
-```python
-# Term frequency in document
-score = text.lower().count(query.lower())
-```
-
-Results are ranked by score (highest first), with higher scores indicating more occurrences of the search term.
-
-## Error Handling
-
-### Common Issues
-
-#### Grep Command Not Found
-```
-RuntimeError: grep command not found. Please install grep or use semantic search.
-```
-
-**Solution**: Install grep on your system:
-- **Ubuntu/Debian**: `sudo apt-get install grep`
-- **macOS**: grep is pre-installed
-- **Windows**: Use WSL or install grep via Git Bash/MSYS2
-
-#### No Results Found
-```python
-# Check if your query exists in the raw data
-results = searcher.search("your_query", use_grep=True)
-if not results:
-    print("No exact matches found. Try:")
-    print("1. Check spelling and case")
-    print("2. Use partial terms")
-    print("3. Switch to semantic search")
-```
-
-## Complete Example
-
-```python
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-"""
-Grep Search Example
-Demonstrates grep search for exact text matching.
-"""
-
-from leann.api import LeannSearcher
-
-def demonstrate_grep_search():
-    # Initialize searcher
-    searcher = LeannSearcher("my_index")
-
-    print("=== Function Search ===")
-    functions = searcher.search("def __init__", use_grep=True, top_k=5)
-    for i, result in enumerate(functions, 1):
-        print(f"{i}. Score: {result.score}")
-        print(f"   Preview: {result.text[:60]}...")
-        print()
-
-    print("=== Error Search ===")
-    errors = searcher.search("FileNotFoundError", use_grep=True, top_k=3)
-    for result in errors:
-        print(f"Content: {result.text.strip()}")
-        print("-" * 40)
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    demonstrate_grep_search()
-```

examples/grep_search_example.py

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Grep Search Example
-
-Shows how to use grep-based text search instead of semantic search.
-Useful when you need exact text matches rather than meaning-based results.
-"""
-
-from leann import LeannSearcher
-
-# Load your index
-searcher = LeannSearcher("my-documents.leann")
-
-# Regular semantic search
-print("=== Semantic Search ===")
-results = searcher.search("machine learning algorithms", top_k=3)
-for result in results:
-    print(f"Score: {result.score:.3f}")
-    print(f"Text: {result.text[:80]}...")
-    print()
-
-# Grep-based search for exact text matches
-print("=== Grep Search ===")
-results = searcher.search("def train_model", top_k=3, use_grep=True)
-for result in results:
-    print(f"Score: {result.score}")
-    print(f"Text: {result.text[:80]}...")
-    print()
-
-# Find specific error messages
-error_results = searcher.search("FileNotFoundError", use_grep=True)
-print(f"Found {len(error_results)} files mentioning FileNotFoundError")
-
-# Search for function definitions
-func_results = searcher.search("class SearchResult", use_grep=True, top_k=5)
-print(f"Found {len(func_results)} class definitions")

llms.txt

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-# llms.txt — LEANN MCP and Agent Integration
-product: LEANN
-homepage: https://github.com/yichuan-w/LEANN
-contact: https://github.com/yichuan-w/LEANN/issues
-
-# Installation
-install: uv tool install leann-core --with leann
-
-# MCP Server Entry Point
-mcp.server: leann_mcp
-mcp.protocol_version: 2024-11-05
-
-# Tools
-mcp.tools: leann_list, leann_search
-
-mcp.tool.leann_list.description: List available LEANN indexes
-mcp.tool.leann_list.input: {}
-
-mcp.tool.leann_search.description: Semantic search across a named LEANN index
-mcp.tool.leann_search.input.index_name: string, required
-mcp.tool.leann_search.input.query: string, required
-mcp.tool.leann_search.input.top_k: integer, optional, default=5, min=1, max=20
-mcp.tool.leann_search.input.complexity: integer, optional, default=32, min=16, max=128
-
-# Notes
-note: Build indexes with `leann build <name> --docs <files...>` before searching.
-example.add: claude mcp add --scope user leann-server -- leann_mcp
-example.verify: claude mcp list | cat

packages/leann-backend-diskann/pyproject.toml

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 [build-system]
-requires = ["scikit-build-core>=0.10", "pybind11>=2.12.0", "numpy", "cmake>=3.30"]
+requires = ["scikit-build-core>=0.10", "pybind11>=2.12.0", "numpy"]
 build-backend = "scikit_build_core.build"
 
 [project]
 name = "leann-backend-diskann"
-version = "0.3.4"
+version = "0.3.2"
-dependencies = ["leann-core==0.3.4", "numpy", "protobuf>=3.19.0"]
+dependencies = ["leann-core==0.3.2", "numpy", "protobuf>=3.19.0"]
 
 [tool.scikit-build]
 # Key: simplified CMake path

packages/leann-backend-hnsw/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -49,28 +49,9 @@ set(BUILD_TESTING OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
 set(FAISS_ENABLE_C_API OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
 set(FAISS_OPT_LEVEL "generic" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
 
-# Disable x86-specific SIMD optimizations (important for ARM64 compatibility)
+# Disable additional SIMD versions to speed up compilation
 set(FAISS_ENABLE_AVX2 OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
 set(FAISS_ENABLE_AVX512 OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
-set(FAISS_ENABLE_SSE4_1 OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
-
-# ARM64-specific configuration
-if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "aarch64|arm64")
-    message(STATUS "Configuring Faiss for ARM64 architecture")
-
-    if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Linux")
-        # Use SVE optimization level for ARM64 Linux (as seen in Faiss conda build)
-        set(FAISS_OPT_LEVEL "sve" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
-        message(STATUS "Setting FAISS_OPT_LEVEL to 'sve' for ARM64 Linux")
-    else()
-        # Use generic optimization for other ARM64 platforms (like macOS)
-        set(FAISS_OPT_LEVEL "generic" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
-        message(STATUS "Setting FAISS_OPT_LEVEL to 'generic' for ARM64 ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME}")
-    endif()
-
-    # ARM64 compatibility: Faiss submodule has been modified to fix x86 header inclusion
-    message(STATUS "Using ARM64-compatible Faiss submodule")
-endif()
 
 # Additional optimization options from INSTALL.md
 set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Release" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)

packages/leann-backend-hnsw/pyproject.toml

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ build-backend = "scikit_build_core.build"
 
 [project]
 name = "leann-backend-hnsw"
-version = "0.3.4"
+version = "0.3.2"
 description = "Custom-built HNSW (Faiss) backend for the Leann toolkit."
 dependencies = [
-    "leann-core==0.3.4",
+    "leann-core==0.3.2",
     "numpy",
     "pyzmq>=23.0.0",
     "msgpack>=1.0.0",

packages/leann-core/pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 [project]
 name = "leann-core"
-version = "0.3.4"
+version = "0.3.2"
 description = "Core API and plugin system for LEANN"
 readme = "README.md"
 requires-python = ">=3.9"

packages/leann-core/src/leann/api.py

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ with the correct, original embedding logic from the user's reference code.
 import json
 import logging
 import pickle
-import re
-import subprocess
 import time
 import warnings
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
@@ -655,7 +653,6 @@ class LeannSearcher:
         expected_zmq_port: int = 5557,
         metadata_filters: Optional[dict[str, dict[str, Union[str, int, float, bool, list]]]] = None,
         batch_size: int = 0,
-        use_grep: bool = False,
         **kwargs,
     ) -> list[SearchResult]:
         """
@@ -682,10 +679,6 @@ class LeannSearcher:
         Returns:
             List of SearchResult objects with text, metadata, and similarity scores
         """
-        # Handle grep search
-        if use_grep:
-            return self._grep_search(query, top_k)
-
         logger.info("🔍 LeannSearcher.search() called:")
         logger.info(f"  Query: '{query}'")
         logger.info(f"  Top_k: {top_k}")
@@ -802,96 +795,9 @@ class LeannSearcher:
         logger.info(f"  {GREEN}✓ Final enriched results: {len(enriched_results)} passages{RESET}")
         return enriched_results
 
-    def _find_jsonl_file(self) -> Optional[str]:
-        """Find the .jsonl file containing raw passages for grep search"""
-        index_path = Path(self.meta_path_str).parent
-        potential_files = [
-            index_path / "documents.leann.passages.jsonl",
-            index_path.parent / "documents.leann.passages.jsonl",
-        ]
-
-        for file_path in potential_files:
-            if file_path.exists():
-                return str(file_path)
-        return None
-
-    def _grep_search(self, query: str, top_k: int = 5) -> list[SearchResult]:
-        """Perform grep-based search on raw passages"""
-        jsonl_file = self._find_jsonl_file()
-        if not jsonl_file:
-            raise FileNotFoundError("No .jsonl passages file found for grep search")
-
-        try:
-            cmd = ["grep", "-i", "-n", query, jsonl_file]
-            result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, check=False)
-
-            if result.returncode == 1:
-                return []
-            elif result.returncode != 0:
-                raise RuntimeError(f"Grep failed: {result.stderr}")
-
-            matches = []
-            for line in result.stdout.strip().split("\n"):
-                if not line:
-                    continue
-                parts = line.split(":", 1)
-                if len(parts) != 2:
-                    continue
-
-                try:
-                    data = json.loads(parts[1])
-                    text = data.get("text", "")
-                    score = text.lower().count(query.lower())
-
-                    matches.append(
-                        SearchResult(
-                            id=data.get("id", parts[0]),
-                            text=text,
-                            metadata=data.get("metadata", {}),
-                            score=float(score),
-                        )
-                    )
-                except json.JSONDecodeError:
-                    continue
-
-            matches.sort(key=lambda x: x.score, reverse=True)
-            return matches[:top_k]
-
-        except FileNotFoundError:
-            raise RuntimeError(
-                "grep command not found. Please install grep or use semantic search."
-            )
-
-    def _python_regex_search(self, query: str, top_k: int = 5) -> list[SearchResult]:
-        """Fallback regex search"""
-        jsonl_file = self._find_jsonl_file()
-        if not jsonl_file:
-            raise FileNotFoundError("No .jsonl file found")
-
-        pattern = re.compile(re.escape(query), re.IGNORECASE)
-        matches = []
-
-        with open(jsonl_file, encoding="utf-8") as f:
-            for line_num, line in enumerate(f, 1):
-                if pattern.search(line):
-                    try:
-                        data = json.loads(line.strip())
-                        matches.append(
-                            SearchResult(
-                                id=data.get("id", str(line_num)),
-                                text=data.get("text", ""),
-                                metadata=data.get("metadata", {}),
-                                score=float(len(pattern.findall(data.get("text", "")))),
-                            )
-                        )
-                    except json.JSONDecodeError:
-                        continue
-
-        matches.sort(key=lambda x: x.score, reverse=True)
-        return matches[:top_k]
-
     def cleanup(self):
         """Explicitly cleanup embedding server resources.
+
         This method should be called after you're done using the searcher,
         especially in test environments or batch processing scenarios.
         """
@@ -947,7 +853,6 @@ class LeannChat:
         expected_zmq_port: int = 5557,
         metadata_filters: Optional[dict[str, dict[str, Union[str, int, float, bool, list]]]] = None,
         batch_size: int = 0,
-        use_grep: bool = False,
         **search_kwargs,
     ):
         if llm_kwargs is None:

packages/leann-core/src/leann/cli.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import argparse
 import asyncio
+import sys
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, Optional, Union
 
@@ -1215,8 +1216,13 @@ Examples:
         if use_ast:
             print("🧠 Using AST-aware chunking for code files")
             try:
-                # Import enhanced chunking utilities from packaged module
+                # Import enhanced chunking utilities
-                from .chunking_utils import create_text_chunks
+                # Add apps directory to path to import chunking utilities
+                apps_dir = Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent.parent.parent / "apps"
+                if apps_dir.exists():
+                    sys.path.insert(0, str(apps_dir))
+
+                from chunking import create_text_chunks
 
                 # Use enhanced chunking with AST support
                 all_texts = create_text_chunks(
@@ -1231,9 +1237,7 @@ Examples:
                 )
 
             except ImportError as e:
-                print(
+                print(f"⚠️  AST chunking not available ({e}), falling back to traditional chunking")
-                    f"⚠️  AST chunking utilities not available in package ({e}), falling back to traditional chunking"
-                )
                 use_ast = False
 
         if not use_ast:

packages/leann-mcp/README.md

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 
 Transform your development workflow with intelligent code assistance using LEANN's semantic search directly in Claude Code.
 
-For agent-facing discovery details, see `llms.txt` in the repository root.
-
 ## Prerequisites
 
 Install LEANN globally for MCP integration (with default backend):

packages/leann/pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 [project]
 name = "leann"
-version = "0.3.4"
+version = "0.3.2"
 description = "LEANN - The smallest vector index in the world. RAG Everything with LEANN!"
 readme = "README.md"
 requires-python = ">=3.9"

pyproject.toml

@@ -99,16 +99,11 @@ wechat-exporter = "wechat_exporter.main:main"
 leann-core = { path = "packages/leann-core", editable = true }
 leann-backend-diskann = { path = "packages/leann-backend-diskann", editable = true }
 leann-backend-hnsw = { path = "packages/leann-backend-hnsw", editable = true }
-astchunk = { path = "packages/astchunk-leann", editable = true }
 
 [tool.ruff]
 target-version = "py39"
 line-length = 100
-extend-exclude = [
+extend-exclude = ["third_party"]
-    "third_party",
-    "apps/multimodal/vision-based-pdf-multi-vector/multi-vector-leann.py",
-    "apps/multimodal/vision-based-pdf-multi-vector/multi-vector-leann-similarity-map.py"
-]
 
 
 [tool.ruff.lint]

uv.lock

@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ wheels = [
 [[package]]
 name = "astchunk"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = { editable = "packages/astchunk-leann" }
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "numpy", version = "2.0.2", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.10'" },
     { name = "numpy", version = "2.2.6", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version == '3.10.*'" },
@@ -214,31 +214,10 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "tree-sitter-python" },
     { name = "tree-sitter-typescript" },
 ]
-
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/db/2a/7a35e2fac7d550265ae2ee40651425083b37555f921d1a1b77c3f525e0df/astchunk-0.1.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:f4dff0ef8b3b3bcfeac363384db1e153f74d4c825dc2e35864abfab027713be4", size = 18093, upload-time = "2025-06-19T04:37:25.34Z" }
-[package.metadata]
+wheels = [
-requires-dist = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/be/84/5433ab0e933b572750cb16fd7edf3d6c7902b069461a22ec670042752a4d/astchunk-0.1.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:33ada9fc3620807fdda5846fa1948af463f281a60e0d43d4f3782b6dbb416d24", size = 15396, upload-time = "2025-06-19T04:37:23.87Z" },
-    { name = "black", marker = "extra == 'dev'", specifier = ">=22.0.0" },
-    { name = "flake8", marker = "extra == 'dev'", specifier = ">=5.0.0" },
-    { name = "isort", marker = "extra == 'dev'", specifier = ">=5.10.0" },
-    { name = "mypy", marker = "extra == 'dev'", specifier = ">=1.0.0" },
-    { name = "myst-parser", marker = "extra == 'docs'", specifier = ">=0.18.0" },
-    { name = "numpy", specifier = ">=1.20.0" },
-    { name = "pre-commit", marker = "extra == 'dev'", specifier = ">=2.20.0" },
-    { name = "pyrsistent", specifier = ">=0.18.0" },
-    { name = "pytest", marker = "extra == 'dev'", specifier = ">=7.0.0" },
-    { name = "pytest", marker = "extra == 'test'", specifier = ">=7.0.0" },
-    { name = "pytest-cov", marker = "extra == 'dev'", specifier = ">=4.0.0" },
-    { name = "pytest-cov", marker = "extra == 'test'", specifier = ">=4.0.0" },
-    { name = "pytest-xdist", marker = "extra == 'test'", specifier = ">=2.5.0" },
-    { name = "sphinx", marker = "extra == 'docs'", specifier = ">=5.0.0" },
-    { name = "sphinx-rtd-theme", marker = "extra == 'docs'", specifier = ">=1.0.0" },
-    { name = "tree-sitter", specifier = ">=0.20.0" },
-    { name = "tree-sitter-c-sharp", specifier = ">=0.20.0" },
-    { name = "tree-sitter-java", specifier = ">=0.20.0" },
-    { name = "tree-sitter-python", specifier = ">=0.20.0" },
-    { name = "tree-sitter-typescript", specifier = ">=0.20.0" },
 ]
-provides-extras = ["dev", "docs", "test"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "asttokens"
@@ -1585,7 +1564,7 @@ name = "importlib-metadata"
 version = "8.7.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "zipp", marker = "python_full_version < '3.10'" },
+    { name = "zipp" },
 ]
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/76/66/650a33bd90f786193e4de4b3ad86ea60b53c89b669a5c7be931fac31cdb0/importlib_metadata-8.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:d13b81ad223b890aa16c5471f2ac3056cf76c5f10f82d6f9292f0b415f389000", size = 56641, upload-time = "2025-04-27T15:29:01.736Z" }
 wheels = [
@@ -2138,7 +2117,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "leann-backend-diskann"
-version = "0.3.4"
+version = "0.3.2"
 source = { editable = "packages/leann-backend-diskann" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "leann-core" },
@@ -2150,14 +2129,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [package.metadata]
 requires-dist = [
-    { name = "leann-core", specifier = "==0.3.4" },
+    { name = "leann-core", specifier = "==0.3.2" },
     { name = "numpy" },
     { name = "protobuf", specifier = ">=3.19.0" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "leann-backend-hnsw"
-version = "0.3.4"
+version = "0.3.2"
 source = { editable = "packages/leann-backend-hnsw" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "leann-core" },
@@ -2170,7 +2149,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [package.metadata]
 requires-dist = [
-    { name = "leann-core", specifier = "==0.3.4" },
+    { name = "leann-core", specifier = "==0.3.2" },
     { name = "msgpack", specifier = ">=1.0.0" },
     { name = "numpy" },
     { name = "pyzmq", specifier = ">=23.0.0" },
@@ -2178,7 +2157,7 @@ requires-dist = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "leann-core"
-version = "0.3.4"
+version = "0.3.2"
 source = { editable = "packages/leann-core" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "accelerate" },
@@ -2318,7 +2297,7 @@ test = [
 
 [package.metadata]
 requires-dist = [
-    { name = "astchunk", editable = "packages/astchunk-leann" },
+    { name = "astchunk", specifier = ">=0.1.0" },
     { name = "beautifulsoup4", marker = "extra == 'documents'", specifier = ">=4.13.0" },
     { name = "black", marker = "extra == 'dev'", specifier = ">=23.0" },
     { name = "boto3" },